Ignacio Sández, Pablo A Donati, Diego A Portela, Joaquín Araos
{"title":"评估麻醉犬肺泡恢复运动的气体交换和潜在益处的空气试验。","authors":"Ignacio Sández, Pablo A Donati, Diego A Portela, Joaquín Araos","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.07.010","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the use of Air-Test in ventilated, anaesthetized dogs for evaluating oxygen uptake and to determine its potential utility in guiding the decision to perform an alveolar recruitment manoeuvre (ARM).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>A total of 25 client-owned dogs undergoing general anaesthesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dogs were included if volume-controlled ventilation was performed, the dogs underwent an Air-Test and reliable haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>) readings ≥ 99% with an inspired oxygen fraction (FiO<sub>2</sub>) 0.5 were available. Exclusion criteria included laparoscopic surgery, patient-ventilator asynchrony or haemodynamic instability. The Air-Test consisted of a reduction in FiO<sub>2</sub> to 0.21 for 4 minutes while monitoring SpO<sub>2</sub>. A positive Air-Test result was defined as SpO<sub>2</sub> < 96% during this period. Positive cases underwent sustained inflation ARMs with adjustments to positive end-expiratory pressure. Haemodynamic variables, gas exchange and static compliance (C<sub>st</sub>) were recorded pre-Air-Test, PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> ratio was calculated offline. Data from dogs with positive and negative Air-Test results were compared and they are shown as mean ± standard deviation; p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 835 records, 25 met the inclusion criteria. Positive Air-Tests occurred in 10 dogs (40%) and negative in 15 (60%). The baseline PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> ratio was 364 ± 39.6 mmHg (48.4 ± 5.1 kPa) and 510 ± 65 mmHg (67.8 ± 8.6 kPa) in the Air-Test-positive and -negative animals, respectively (p < 0.001). The C<sub>st</sub> and PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> increased significantly after ARM in Air-Test-positive dogs (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively). No differences were observed in the remaining variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>A positive Air-Test was associated with a lower PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> ratio and in these dogs, an ARM was associated with increased C<sub>st</sub> and PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> ratio, indicating the potential of this noninvasive technique for assessing oxygenation and monitoring changes in response to ARM in mechanically ventilated dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Air-test for assessing gas exchange and the potential benefit of alveolar recruitment manoeuvre in anaesthetized dogs.\",\"authors\":\"Ignacio Sández, Pablo A Donati, Diego A Portela, Joaquín Araos\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.07.010\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the use of Air-Test in ventilated, anaesthetized dogs for evaluating oxygen uptake and to determine its potential utility in guiding the decision to perform an alveolar recruitment manoeuvre (ARM).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>A total of 25 client-owned dogs undergoing general anaesthesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dogs were included if volume-controlled ventilation was performed, the dogs underwent an Air-Test and reliable haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>) readings ≥ 99% with an inspired oxygen fraction (FiO<sub>2</sub>) 0.5 were available. Exclusion criteria included laparoscopic surgery, patient-ventilator asynchrony or haemodynamic instability. The Air-Test consisted of a reduction in FiO<sub>2</sub> to 0.21 for 4 minutes while monitoring SpO<sub>2</sub>. A positive Air-Test result was defined as SpO<sub>2</sub> < 96% during this period. Positive cases underwent sustained inflation ARMs with adjustments to positive end-expiratory pressure. Haemodynamic variables, gas exchange and static compliance (C<sub>st</sub>) were recorded pre-Air-Test, PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> ratio was calculated offline. Data from dogs with positive and negative Air-Test results were compared and they are shown as mean ± standard deviation; p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 835 records, 25 met the inclusion criteria. Positive Air-Tests occurred in 10 dogs (40%) and negative in 15 (60%). The baseline PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> ratio was 364 ± 39.6 mmHg (48.4 ± 5.1 kPa) and 510 ± 65 mmHg (67.8 ± 8.6 kPa) in the Air-Test-positive and -negative animals, respectively (p < 0.001). The C<sub>st</sub> and PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> increased significantly after ARM in Air-Test-positive dogs (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively). No differences were observed in the remaining variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>A positive Air-Test was associated with a lower PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> ratio and in these dogs, an ARM was associated with increased C<sub>st</sub> and PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> ratio, indicating the potential of this noninvasive technique for assessing oxygenation and monitoring changes in response to ARM in mechanically ventilated dogs.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":23626,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-26\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaa.2025.07.010\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"VETERINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaa.2025.07.010","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Air-test for assessing gas exchange and the potential benefit of alveolar recruitment manoeuvre in anaesthetized dogs.
Objective: To determine the use of Air-Test in ventilated, anaesthetized dogs for evaluating oxygen uptake and to determine its potential utility in guiding the decision to perform an alveolar recruitment manoeuvre (ARM).
Study design: Retrospective cohort study.
Animals: A total of 25 client-owned dogs undergoing general anaesthesia.
Methods: Dogs were included if volume-controlled ventilation was performed, the dogs underwent an Air-Test and reliable haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) readings ≥ 99% with an inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) 0.5 were available. Exclusion criteria included laparoscopic surgery, patient-ventilator asynchrony or haemodynamic instability. The Air-Test consisted of a reduction in FiO2 to 0.21 for 4 minutes while monitoring SpO2. A positive Air-Test result was defined as SpO2 < 96% during this period. Positive cases underwent sustained inflation ARMs with adjustments to positive end-expiratory pressure. Haemodynamic variables, gas exchange and static compliance (Cst) were recorded pre-Air-Test, PaO2/FiO2 ratio was calculated offline. Data from dogs with positive and negative Air-Test results were compared and they are shown as mean ± standard deviation; p < 0.05.
Results: Of 835 records, 25 met the inclusion criteria. Positive Air-Tests occurred in 10 dogs (40%) and negative in 15 (60%). The baseline PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 364 ± 39.6 mmHg (48.4 ± 5.1 kPa) and 510 ± 65 mmHg (67.8 ± 8.6 kPa) in the Air-Test-positive and -negative animals, respectively (p < 0.001). The Cst and PaO2/FiO2 increased significantly after ARM in Air-Test-positive dogs (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively). No differences were observed in the remaining variables.
Conclusions and clinical relevance: A positive Air-Test was associated with a lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio and in these dogs, an ARM was associated with increased Cst and PaO2/FiO2 ratio, indicating the potential of this noninvasive technique for assessing oxygenation and monitoring changes in response to ARM in mechanically ventilated dogs.
期刊介绍：
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia is the official journal of the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists, the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia and the European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. Its purpose is the publication of original, peer reviewed articles covering all branches of anaesthesia and the relief of pain in animals. Articles concerned with the following subjects related to anaesthesia and analgesia are also welcome:
the basic sciences;
pathophysiology of disease as it relates to anaesthetic management
equipment
intensive care
chemical restraint of animals including laboratory animals, wildlife and exotic animals
welfare issues associated with pain and distress
education in veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
Review articles, special articles, and historical notes will also be published, along with editorials, case reports in the form of letters to the editor, and book reviews. There is also an active correspondence section.
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