{"title":"ERK1/2抑制的研究进展:从结构和调控的药物化学角度看。","authors":"Vimlendu Kumar Sah, Ankit Kumar Singh, Adarsh Kumar, Vineet Prajapati, Amandeep Singh Kalsi, Habibullah Khalilullah, Mariusz Jaremko, Abdul-Hamid Emwas, Amita Verma, Pradeep Kumar","doi":"10.1080/14756366.2025.2555510","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway-also known as the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway-is a critical signalling cascade involved in regulating cell growth, proliferation, and survival. First discovered in the early 1980s, the pathway's extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) subfamily was identified in the 1990s. The ERK family includes several isoforms-ERK1, ERK2, ERK3, ERK5, and ERK6-with ERK1 (MAPK3) and ERK2 (MAPK1) being the most well-characterised and playing central roles in MAPK signalling. Deregulation of ERK signalling (commonly referred to as the ERK pathway or ERKp) has been implicated in approximately 40% of human cancers. This review focuses on the structural insights of ERK1/2 and their critical role in the MAPK signalling cascade. Despite their clinical significance, no ERK inhibitors have yet been approved by the FDA. Several molecules-such as SCH772984, SCH900353, ulixertinib (BVD-523), CC-9003, KO-947, AZD0364, norathyriol, and FR180204-are currently in preclinical or clinical trial stages. This review also highlights recent advances in the design and synthesis of ERK inhibitors, emphasising their structural uniqueness and potential to inhibit mutant forms of ERK1/2. Finally, we discuss future directions for the development of ERK1/2 inhibitors as FDA-approved cancer therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15769,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"40 1","pages":"2555510"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12424155/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Advances in ERK1/2 inhibition: a medicinal chemistry perspective on structure and regulation.\",\"authors\":\"Vimlendu Kumar Sah, Ankit Kumar Singh, Adarsh Kumar, Vineet Prajapati, Amandeep Singh Kalsi, Habibullah Khalilullah, Mariusz Jaremko, Abdul-Hamid Emwas, Amita Verma, Pradeep Kumar\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/14756366.2025.2555510\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway-also known as the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway-is a critical signalling cascade involved in regulating cell growth, proliferation, and survival. First discovered in the early 1980s, the pathway's extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) subfamily was identified in the 1990s. The ERK family includes several isoforms-ERK1, ERK2, ERK3, ERK5, and ERK6-with ERK1 (MAPK3) and ERK2 (MAPK1) being the most well-characterised and playing central roles in MAPK signalling. Deregulation of ERK signalling (commonly referred to as the ERK pathway or ERKp) has been implicated in approximately 40% of human cancers. This review focuses on the structural insights of ERK1/2 and their critical role in the MAPK signalling cascade. Despite their clinical significance, no ERK inhibitors have yet been approved by the FDA. Several molecules-such as SCH772984, SCH900353, ulixertinib (BVD-523), CC-9003, KO-947, AZD0364, norathyriol, and FR180204-are currently in preclinical or clinical trial stages. This review also highlights recent advances in the design and synthesis of ERK inhibitors, emphasising their structural uniqueness and potential to inhibit mutant forms of ERK1/2. Finally, we discuss future directions for the development of ERK1/2 inhibitors as FDA-approved cancer therapeutics.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":15769,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry\",\"volume\":\"40 1\",\"pages\":\"2555510\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-12-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12424155/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2025.2555510\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/9/10 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2025.2555510","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/9/10 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Advances in ERK1/2 inhibition: a medicinal chemistry perspective on structure and regulation.
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway-also known as the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway-is a critical signalling cascade involved in regulating cell growth, proliferation, and survival. First discovered in the early 1980s, the pathway's extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) subfamily was identified in the 1990s. The ERK family includes several isoforms-ERK1, ERK2, ERK3, ERK5, and ERK6-with ERK1 (MAPK3) and ERK2 (MAPK1) being the most well-characterised and playing central roles in MAPK signalling. Deregulation of ERK signalling (commonly referred to as the ERK pathway or ERKp) has been implicated in approximately 40% of human cancers. This review focuses on the structural insights of ERK1/2 and their critical role in the MAPK signalling cascade. Despite their clinical significance, no ERK inhibitors have yet been approved by the FDA. Several molecules-such as SCH772984, SCH900353, ulixertinib (BVD-523), CC-9003, KO-947, AZD0364, norathyriol, and FR180204-are currently in preclinical or clinical trial stages. This review also highlights recent advances in the design and synthesis of ERK inhibitors, emphasising their structural uniqueness and potential to inhibit mutant forms of ERK1/2. Finally, we discuss future directions for the development of ERK1/2 inhibitors as FDA-approved cancer therapeutics.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry publishes open access research on enzyme inhibitors, inhibitory processes, and agonist/antagonist receptor interactions in the development of medicinal and anti-cancer agents.
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry aims to provide an international and interdisciplinary platform for the latest findings in enzyme inhibition research.
The journal’s focus includes current developments in:
Enzymology;
Cell biology;
Chemical biology;
Microbiology;
Physiology;
Pharmacology leading to drug design;
Molecular recognition processes;
Distribution and metabolism of biologically active compounds.