Prognostic value of combined monitoring of serum S100A12 and optic nerve sheath diameter in patients with traumatic intracranial hematoma: a single-center prospective observational study.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic significance of concurrent monitoring of serum S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (S100A12) and optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in patients with traumatic intracranial hematoma.

Methods: This prospective observational study included 198 patients with traumatic intracranial hematoma from Xingtai Central Hospital (February 2022-June 2024). Serum S100A12 and ONSD were measured at admission and postoperatively, and patients received minimally invasive therapy. Patients were categorized into good prognosis (n = 150) and poor prognosis (n = 48) groups based on their outcomes. Levels of S100A12 and ONSD were compared between groups. ROC analysis evaluated prognostic utility, Pearson correlation assessed the relationship between S100A12 and ONSD, and multivariate logistic regression identified risk factors.

Results: Pre- and post-treatment, both serum S100A12 and ONSD were higher in the poor prognosis group than in the good prognosis group (all p < 0.05). ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.889 for combined S100A12 and ONSD in predicting prognosis. Pearson correlation revealed a strong positive correlation between S100A12 and ONSD in the poor prognosis group (r = 0.708, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that a higher Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at admission was protective, while larger preoperative hematoma volume and elevated S100A12 and ONSD were risk factors for poor prognosis (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Serum S100A12 and ONSD may serve as potential targets for assessing prognosis in patients with traumatic intracranial hematoma undergoing minimally invasive treatment.