A review on advancements in atmospheric plasma-based decontamination and drug delivery (invited paper)

Over the past two decades, nonthermal plasma has emerged as a promising tool for various medical applications, including wound healing, blood coagulation, decontamination, and cancer therapy. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of advancements in the field, detailing both fundamental mechanisms and recent technological developments. The medical efficacy of nonthermal plasma is primarily attributed to its physical effects, such as electric fields and ultraviolet radiation, as well as its chemical effects, driven by the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). These reactive species play a critical role in inducing apoptosis and oxidative stress, thereby affecting cellular viability. Additionally, nonthermal plasma is gaining attention as a novel drug delivery system, offering targeted therapeutic potential for various diseases. However, while RONS are effective in removing harmful cells, their broader applicability to neurological and other non-cancerous diseases remains uncertain. This review explores the feasibility of plasma-based drug delivery as a controlled mechanism for therapeutic applications beyond oncology. By examining the latest innovations and challenges in plasma medicine, we aim to highlight its potential for expanding treatment modalities and addressing unmet clinical needs.