Sustainable aquaculture: An Iot-integrated system for real-time water quality monitoring featuring advanced do and ammonia sensors

Efficient water quality monitoring is essential for sustainable aquaculture. Key parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia, turbidity, pH, temperature, and total dissolved solids (TDS) are vital for mitigating fish loss and enhancing profitability. However, existing commercial solutions fail to provide a cost-effective, automated system for simultaneously measuring all six parameters. To address this limitation, a novel system integrates Internet of Things (IoT) sensors with real-time data presentation to continuously monitor water quality. Designed using a modified V-model methodology, the system provides real-time updates through an Android mobile application. The sensors demonstrated high accuracy: 90.5 % for DO, 88.9 % for ammonia, 96.4 % for turbidity, 94.8 % for pH, 99.1 % for temperature, and 94.9 % for TDS. Given the high cost of typical DO and ammonia sensors, in-house alternatives were developed, reducing expenses. By combining these with commercially available sensors, a six-sensor product package was created, cutting overall costs by approximately 85 % for end users. This significant cost reduction, coupled with real-time monitoring capabilities, democratizes access to advanced technology, promoting the widespread adoption of efficient and sustainable aquaculture practices.