Integrating climate change, food security, and innovative agriculture in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL): A Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus approach

This study examines the intersection of climate change, agricultural innovation, and food security in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), a province characterized by a short growing season, poor and acidic soils, and a small agriculture sector highly vulnerable to climate change. Despite being one of Canada's most food-insecure provinces, there is a significant lack of comprehensive studies on the Water-Energy-Food-Climate Change (WEF-CC) nexus and agricultural innovation in NL. The study aimed to (1) inventory innovative agricultural practices that promote food security and climate resilience, (2) identify key stakeholders in agricultural innovation, (3) explore factors influencing innovation in the province, and (4) assess the use of by-products in agriculture. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using NVivo content analysis. The findings revealed two primary types of relevant agricultural innovation in NL: practice-based and technology-based. Six key stakeholders in agricultural innovation were identified. However, the lack of an independent third-party innovation enabler or connector was perceived as a barrier to progress. To address this gap, the study proposes the establishment of the Newfoundland and Labrador Agricultural Innovation Centre (NLAIC), a collaborative body designed to support agricultural innovation. Additionally, opportunities for utilizing agricultural and industrial by-products, including plant-based and animal-based innovations, were identified as emerging in the province. Tackling innovation barriers and promoting nexus thinking and collaboration among stakeholders and sectors could enhance climate resilience and food security in NL.