缬草根油化学成分和生物活性的地理差异：开发植物熏蒸剂对抗储藏产品昆虫的意义。

IF 3.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI:10.1002/ps.70222

Na-Hyun Lee

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引用次数: 0

摘要

储藏产品昆虫（象蝇、点间Plodia、谷物象蝇）造成大量采后损失，并且对合成熏蒸剂的抗性越来越强。缬草根的挥发油富含短链酸和倍半萜。我们比较了从印度、中国和尼泊尔蒸馏的油的气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）谱和熏蒸/接触毒性，并测试了代表性成分，以确定粮食保护的生物活性化学型。结果gc - ms显示了明显的地球化学差异：印度油具有较高的酸度（异戊酸39.6%，3-甲基戊酸3.1%），而尼泊尔油具有较高的5-甲基糠醛浓度（12.45%）和倍半萜。印度油熏蒸效果最好(致死中位剂量（LD50）分别为：8.65 μg/cm3（小谷稻蛾成虫）、25.14 μg/cm3（腐食腐蝇成虫）、31.24 μg/cm3（斑间稻蛾成虫），是其他来源熏蒸效果的1.3 ~ 3.4倍；接触生物测定证实了相同的等级。其中，5-甲基糠醛对腐尸螨的LD50值最高，为2.19 μg/cm3，对小谷曲螨和斑间斑蠊成虫的LD50值为2.17-9.05 μg/cm3，其次是3-甲基戊酸对螨的LD50值为3.57 μg/cm3，异戊酸对螨的LD50值为5.96 μg/cm3；β-石竹烯表现出对螨的偏好（LD50为11.81 μg/cm3）。腐殖霉≈稻谷霉> P。熏蒸生物试验的效果是接触生物试验的1.5 ~ 4倍。结论酸优势型印度化学型具有最大的挥发性生物活性，短链酸和5-甲基糠醛是主要驱动因子。物种特异性敏感性支持有针对性的部署（例如，螨虫/飞蛾的香囊式发射器）和化学型标准化。这些发现通过确定植物熏蒸剂的活性类别和地理来源效应，指导低残留控释配方和增效剂增强策略来促进植物熏蒸剂的开发。©2025化学工业协会。

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Geographic variation in chemical composition and bioactivity of Valeriana wallichii root oils: implications for botanical fumigant development against stored-product insects.

BACKGROUND Stored-product insects (Sitophilus spp., Plodia interpunctella, Sitotroga cerealella) drive substantial postharvest losses and increasingly resist synthetic fumigants. Valeriana wallichii roots yield volatile oils rich in short-chain acids and sesquiterpenes. We compared gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiles and fumigant/contact toxicities of oils distilled from India, China, and Nepal and tested representative constituents to identify bioactive chemotypes for grain protection. RESULTS GC-MS revealed significant geochemical divergence: Indian oil was characterized by a high acidity (isovaleric acid 39.6%; 3-methylvaleric acid 3.1%), whereas Nepalese oil had a greater concentration of 5-methylfurfural (12.45%) and sesquiterpenes. Indian oil was the most effective fumigant (median lethal dose (LD50): 8.65 μg/cm3 (Sitotroga cerealella adults), 25.14 μg/cm3 (Tyrophagus putrescentiae adults), 31.24 μg/cm3 (P. interpunctella adults) - 1.3-3.4 times more potent than other sources; contact bioassays confirmed the same hierarchy. Among the constituents, 5-methylfurfural exhibited the highest toxicity (LD50, 2.19 μg/cm3 for T. putrescentiae; 2.17-9.05 μg/cm3 for Sitotroga cerealella and adult P. interpunctella), followed by 3-methylvaleric acid (3.57 μg/cm3 for mites) and isovaleric acid (5.96 μg/cm3 for mites); β-caryophyllene demonstrated a preference for mites (LD50, 11.81 μg/cm3). Susceptibility ranked T. putrescentiae ≈ Sitotroga cerealella > P. interpunctella > Sitophilus spp. Fumigant bioassay was 1.5 to 4 times more efficacious than contact bioassay. CONCLUSION An acid-dominant Indian chemotype maximizes volatile bioactivity, with short-chain acids and 5-methylfurfural as primary drivers. Species-specific sensitivity supports targeted deployment (e.g., sachet-style emitters for mites/moths) and chemotype standardization. These findings advance botanical fumigant development by pinpointing active classes and geo-source effects, guiding low-residue controlled-release formulations and synergist-augmented strategies for tolerant coleopterans. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

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来源期刊

Pest Management Science 农林科学-昆虫学

CiteScore

7.90

自引率

9.80%

发文量

553

审稿时长

4.8 months

期刊介绍： Pest Management Science is the international journal of research and development in crop protection and pest control. Since its launch in 1970, the journal has become the premier forum for papers on the discovery, application, and impact on the environment of products and strategies designed for pest management. Published for SCI by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.