Long-term stability of conventional non-regenerative periodontal treatment for furcation defects.

BACKGROUND Furcation involvement (FI) in multi-rooted teeth poses significant challenges in periodontal therapy due to complex anatomy and difficulty in achieving effective maintenance. FI is associated with increased periodontal destruction, especially in sites with narrow furcation entrances and deep root concavities. These features hinder effective debridement and compromise the efficacy of periodontal treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS This narrative review examines non-regenerative treatment approaches for managing FI, focusing on clinical outcomes and failure rates associated with flap procedures, biologic root reshaping, root amputation, root separation, and root tunneling. RESULTS Non-regenerative procedures show variable outcomes. Reported failure rates include 20.1% for root amputation (range: 0%-61.1%), 18.8% for root separation (range: 2.9%-38%), and 20.9% for root tunneling (range: 7.1%-42.9%). These variations are influenced by factors such as FI severity, root morphology, and patient hygiene. CONCLUSION Effective management of FI requires accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment selection, and individualized maintenance protocols. Long-term success is closely tied to case selection and the patient's commitment to ongoing periodontal maintenance care. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Understanding the therapeutic prognosis and limitations of non-regenerative approaches in FI cases is essential for optimizing long-term treatment outcomes. Clinicians should emphasize maintenance strategies and consider anatomical challenges when selecting treatment modalities.