Pterostilbene as a promising natural anticancer agent in gynecological cancers.

Gynecological cancer, encompassing cancers such as endometrial and cervical cancer, is a growing concern worldwide, with a rising incidence and significant impact on women's health. Pterostilbene (PT), a natural compound, has shown promising therapeutic potential in gynecological cancer treatment. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge on PT's effects in gynecological cancer, focusing on its molecular mechanisms, preclinical studies, and clinical trials. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Scopus, and Web of Science, covering studies published over the last 10 years (2015-2025). The search focused on PT's therapeutic potential in gynecological cancer, including its synergistic action with other therapies or natural compounds. The review highlights PT's ability to modulate key signaling pathways, induce apoptosis, and inhibit cell cycle progression in endometrial carcinoma cells and cervical cancer cells. Preclinical studies demonstrate PT's efficacy in reducing tumor size and enhancing anti-tumor activity when pterostilbene (PT) is combined with megestrol acetate (MA). Clinical trials suggest that PT combined with MA may be a promising therapeutic strategy for endometrial cancer treatment. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of PT's therapeutic potential in gynecological cancer and highlights its promise as a potential treatment option. Further research is needed to fully establish PT's efficacy and safety in gynecological cancer patients. Notably, our literature search did not yield sufficient studies related to vulvar or vaginal cancers, highlighting a significant gap in the current research landscape.