Characterization, photocatalysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of manganese oxide nanoparticles green synthesis using Triticum monococcum seed extract.

This study presents an eco-friendly approach for the green synthesis of manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnONPs) using Triticum monococcum (T. monococcum) (einkorn wheat) seed extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized MnONPs were characterized by UV-Vis, XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, BET, and zeta potential analyses, which confirmed their crystalline nature, spherical morphology, and mesoporous structure with a surface area of 41.50 m²/g. Photocatalytic experiments showed significant degradation of Rhodamine B dye, with an efficiency of 98.50% under UV light and the synergistic influence of H₂O₂. The antimicrobial activity of MnONPs was used through the disk diffusion method to observe the sensitivity of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and MnONPs inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and MSSA) bacteria. Antioxidant evaluations showed that MnONPs exhibited improved total oxidant and antioxidant status compared to T. monococcum extract, suggesting superior mitigation of oxidative stress. These results indicate that MnONPs synthesized via this green method are promising materials for environmental remediation and biomedical applications, particularly in oxidative stress management.