{"title":"认知障碍和痴呆中的视网膜生物标志物：结构、功能和分子见解","authors":"Yan Min, Hongyu Zhou, Zixiao Li, Yongjun Wang","doi":"10.1002/alz.70672","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <p>Cognitive impairment and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), pose a global health crisis, necessitating non-invasive biomarkers for early detection. This review highlights the retina, an accessible extension of the central nervous system (CNS), as a window to cerebral pathology through structural, functional, and molecular alterations. By synthesizing interdisciplinary evidence, we identify retinal biomarkers as promising tools for early diagnosis and risk stratification. Nevertheless, translating biomarkers into clinical practice faces significant translational hurdles, including methodological heterogeneity, confounding variables, lack of standardized protocols, and insufficient longitudinal validation in diverse populations. Overcoming these challenges through rigorous standardization and robust validation studies is essential to establish the clinical utility of retinal biomarkers.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Highlights</h3>\n \n <div>\n <ul>\n \n <li>Stage-specific diagnostic potential: Retinal biomarkers (e.g., OCT/OCTA changes, eye movements, molecular deposits) show alterations correlating with cognitive impairment stages (preclinical AD to dementia), assisting stage differentiation.</li>\n \n <li>Reflecting cerebral pathology: Multimodal retinal alterations (structural, functional, molecular) correlate with key brain pathologies (amyloid/tau burden, atrophy, small vessel disease), indicating shared pathways.</li>\n \n <li>Translation gaps and future: Clinical adoption faces barriers (method heterogeneity, confounders, limited validation). Future requires rigorous screening of candidate retinal biomarkers, extensive multicenter validation, and artificial intelligence (AI)-facilitated clinical translation.</li>\n </ul>\n </div>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":7471,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer's & Dementia","volume":"21 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/alz.70672","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Retinal biomarkers in cognitive impairment and dementia: Structural, functional, and molecular insights\",\"authors\":\"Yan Min, Hongyu Zhou, Zixiao Li, Yongjun Wang\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/alz.70672\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <p>Cognitive impairment and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), pose a global health crisis, necessitating non-invasive biomarkers for early detection. This review highlights the retina, an accessible extension of the central nervous system (CNS), as a window to cerebral pathology through structural, functional, and molecular alterations. By synthesizing interdisciplinary evidence, we identify retinal biomarkers as promising tools for early diagnosis and risk stratification. Nevertheless, translating biomarkers into clinical practice faces significant translational hurdles, including methodological heterogeneity, confounding variables, lack of standardized protocols, and insufficient longitudinal validation in diverse populations. Overcoming these challenges through rigorous standardization and robust validation studies is essential to establish the clinical utility of retinal biomarkers.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Highlights</h3>\\n \\n <div>\\n <ul>\\n \\n <li>Stage-specific diagnostic potential: Retinal biomarkers (e.g., OCT/OCTA changes, eye movements, molecular deposits) show alterations correlating with cognitive impairment stages (preclinical AD to dementia), assisting stage differentiation.</li>\\n \\n <li>Reflecting cerebral pathology: Multimodal retinal alterations (structural, functional, molecular) correlate with key brain pathologies (amyloid/tau burden, atrophy, small vessel disease), indicating shared pathways.</li>\\n \\n <li>Translation gaps and future: Clinical adoption faces barriers (method heterogeneity, confounders, limited validation). Future requires rigorous screening of candidate retinal biomarkers, extensive multicenter validation, and artificial intelligence (AI)-facilitated clinical translation.</li>\\n </ul>\\n </div>\\n </section>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":7471,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Alzheimer's & Dementia\",\"volume\":\"21 9\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":11.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-10\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/alz.70672\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Alzheimer's & Dementia\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alz.70672\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Alzheimer's & Dementia","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alz.70672","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Retinal biomarkers in cognitive impairment and dementia: Structural, functional, and molecular insights
Cognitive impairment and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), pose a global health crisis, necessitating non-invasive biomarkers for early detection. This review highlights the retina, an accessible extension of the central nervous system (CNS), as a window to cerebral pathology through structural, functional, and molecular alterations. By synthesizing interdisciplinary evidence, we identify retinal biomarkers as promising tools for early diagnosis and risk stratification. Nevertheless, translating biomarkers into clinical practice faces significant translational hurdles, including methodological heterogeneity, confounding variables, lack of standardized protocols, and insufficient longitudinal validation in diverse populations. Overcoming these challenges through rigorous standardization and robust validation studies is essential to establish the clinical utility of retinal biomarkers.
Highlights
Stage-specific diagnostic potential: Retinal biomarkers (e.g., OCT/OCTA changes, eye movements, molecular deposits) show alterations correlating with cognitive impairment stages (preclinical AD to dementia), assisting stage differentiation.
期刊介绍：
Alzheimer's & Dementia is a peer-reviewed journal that aims to bridge knowledge gaps in dementia research by covering the entire spectrum, from basic science to clinical trials to social and behavioral investigations. It provides a platform for rapid communication of new findings and ideas, optimal translation of research into practical applications, increasing knowledge across diverse disciplines for early detection, diagnosis, and intervention, and identifying promising new research directions. In July 2008, Alzheimer's & Dementia was accepted for indexing by MEDLINE, recognizing its scientific merit and contribution to Alzheimer's research.
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