心理病态特征与认知共情、情感共情、共情关怀的关系研究

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2025.113445

Stephanie C. Goodhew, Mark Edwards

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引用次数: 0

摘要

一个关键的区别是主要精神病特征（例如，自我中心和冷酷）和次要精神病特征（例如，反社会行为）之间的区别。在这里，我们研究了精神病态特征与共情三个不同组成部分之间的联系：情感共情（感受他人的感受）、认知共情（理解他人的观点）和共情关怀（同情、关心和关心他人的感觉）。虽然之前的研究表明，对那些较高的精神病态特征的同理心会减少，但这项工作并没有分离出主要和次要精神病态特征与这三个共情组成部分之间的选择性联系。在一项横断面研究中，N = 300名成年人完成了主要和次要精神病特征、认知共情、情感共情和共情关注的测量，并评估了每种精神病特征与共情成分之间的选择性关联。结果表明，自我中心与共情关怀的减少选择性相关，而冷酷与情感共情和共情关怀的强烈减少相关。相反，反社会的次级精神病特征选择性地与认知共情减少相关。共情的组成部分解释了冷漠（58%）和反社会（8%）的最小差异。这些发现强调了考虑精神病态特征和同理心的多面性的重要性。

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On the relationship between psychopathic traits and cognitive empathy, affective empathy, and empathic concern

A key distinction is between primary psychopathic traits (e.g., egocentricity and callousness) and secondary psychopathic traits (e.g., antisocial behaviour). Here we investigated the link between psychopathic traits and three different components of empathy: affective empathy (feeling what others are feeling), cognitive empathy (understanding others' perspective), and empathic concern (feelings of sympathy, care, and concern for others). While previous research suggests reductions in empathy for those higher psychopathic traits, this work has not isolated the selective associations between primary and secondary psychopathic traits and each of these three components of empathy. Here, in a cross-sectional study, N = 300 adults completed measures of primary and secondary psychopathic traits, cognitive empathy, affective empathy, and empathic concern, and the selective associations between each psychopathic trait and the components of empathy was assessed. Results showed that egocentricity was selectively associated with reduced empathic concern, while callousness was associated with strongly reduced affective empathy and empathic concern. In contrast, the secondary psychopathic trait of antisociality was selectively associated with reduced cognitive empathy. The components of empathy explained the most variance in callousness (58 %) and the least in antisociality (8 %). These findings highlight the importance of considering the multifaceted nature of both psychopathic traits and empathy.

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来源期刊

Personality and Individual Differences PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL-

CiteScore

8.50

自引率

4.70%

发文量

577

审稿时长

41 days

期刊介绍： Personality and Individual Differences is devoted to the publication of articles (experimental, theoretical, review) which aim to integrate as far as possible the major factors of personality with empirical paradigms from experimental, physiological, animal, clinical, educational, criminological or industrial psychology or to seek an explanation for the causes and major determinants of individual differences in concepts derived from these disciplines. The editors are concerned with both genetic and environmental causes, and they are particularly interested in possible interaction effects.