The role of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential in non-hematological malignancies of various origins

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) bridges hematopoietic clonality and solid tumorigenesis, unveiling a systemic dimension of somatic mutagenesis in cancer biology. Generally, population studies demonstrate CHIP carriers face elevated risks of cancer and poorer survival outcomes. This review consolidates current knowledge on the role of CHIP as potential biomarkers in the prediction/early detection/prognosis evaluation of various non-hematological cancers. We provide an overview of recent studies demonstrating the clinical consequences of CHIP including mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCA) across multiple cancer types. Furthermore, we collected the lab studies focusing on the impact of CHIP genes gain/loss in myeloid/lymphoid cells in non-hematological cancers, highlighting the underlying molecular mechanism and therapeutic targets. This review underscores the clinical impact of CHIP in non-hematological cancers, also the complicated cancer-regulating role of CHIP, highlighting targeting CHIP-associated pathways or integrating CHIP status into clinical decision-making could revolutionize precision oncology.