Research advances in SERS-based sensing platforms for multiplex mycotoxin detection in feed

Mycotoxins in feed can pose significant risks to the health of livestock and poultry, leading to reduced economic returns and impaired production efficiency, thereby impeding the sustainable development of the livestock industry. Consequently, the exploration of highly sensitive, simple and rapid detection methods for trace mycotoxins in feed is crucial for ensuring feed safety and promoting industrial sustainability. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), a rapid detection method characterized by high sensitivity, ease of operation, and resistance to water interference, has gained substantial traction in mycotoxin detection within feed matrices in recent years. This review systematically summarizes the enhancement mechanisms, substrate types, and detection technologies of SERS, with a focus on analyzing the application cases and limitations of different substrates in the detection of mycotoxins in feeds. Additionally, it explores the joint application strategies of SERS with other technologies. Future research should focus on the development of low-cost substrates, anti-interference design for complex matrices, and integration of portable devices, so as to promote SERS technology to become the core solution for on-site rapid detection of feed safety.