Clinical Characteristics, Radiological, and Outcomes of Mucormycosis: A 14-Year Retrospective Study From Southern China.

Background: Mucormycosis is a rare, rapidly progressive fungal infection with a high mortality rate. However, clinical data of mucormycosis patients, especially those related to adverse outcomes in China, remain limited.

Objective: To enhance understanding of the clinical characteristics of different infection site mucormycosis and identify the factors associated with adverse outcomes.

Methods: A 14-year retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in China. Patients were categorised based on the site of infection and clinical outcomes.

Results: From 2010 to 2024, 32 cases of mucormycosis were identified. Among these, pulmonary mucormycosis (PM) was the most common infection site, followed by disseminated mucormycosis. All patients had underlying comorbidities, predominantly chronic lung disease (37.5%) and diabetes mellitus (34.3%). All received pharmacological treatment, most commonly amphotericin B; 15.6% of patients additionally underwent surgical intervention. Chest CT findings in PM cases most frequently revealed bilateral involvement (68.8%) and cavitation (43.8%). Diagnosis was primarily based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS, n = 14) and histopathological examination (n = 11). Adverse outcomes were observed in 46.9% of patients and were significantly associated with corticosteroid or immunosuppressant use, COVID-19 co-infection, disseminated disease, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST), increased incidence of complications, and ICU admission (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Pulmonary mucormycosis was the predominant subtype in this cohort and was frequently associated with chronic lung disease and diabetes. The high incidence of adverse outcomes highlights the necessity for early diagnosis, prompt antifungal therapy, and aggressive management of complications to improve patient survival.