{"title":"萝卜硫素对大鼠蛛网膜下腔出血性肠黏膜损伤的保护作用。","authors":"Zixiang Liu, Pengpeng Li, Yuanhai Zhang, Shidi Zhao, Wei Gao","doi":"10.3389/fmolb.2025.1635795","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sulforaphane (SFN) is recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we explored the effect of SFN on subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and the potential mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three groups (n = 12): Sham + vehicle group (Sham + V), SAH + vehicle group (SAH + V), and SAH + SFN group (SAH + S). SFN (50 mg/kg) dissolved in 250-280 μL corn oil was intraperitoneally injected, and the same volume of corn oil was served as the control. The appetite score, gut wet/dry weight ratio, and histological changes in ileum tissues were examined to determine intestinal mucosal injury. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were performed to examine the expression of genes. LC3 immunofluorescence and Hoechst 33258 staining were used to assess cell autophagy and apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the SAH + V group, the SAH + S group demonstrated a significantly increased appetite score (1.55 ± 0.23 vs. 1.90 ± 0.35); decreased gut wet/dry weight ratio (4.02 ± 0.21 vs. 3.18 ± 0.21) and inflammatory score (2.89 ± 0.33 vs. 1.89 ± 0.60); elevated mRNA expression of Nrf-2 (1.12 ± 0.14 vs. 1.89 ± 0.12), HO-1 (0.46 ± 0.02 vs. 1.02 ± 0.10), and NQO-1 (1.35 ± 0.09 vs. 1.97 ± 0.18); and elevated protein levels of Nrf-2 (0.92 ± 0.18 vs. 1.43 ± 0.23), Keap1 (0.31 ± 0.03 vs. 0.44 ± 0.02), HO-1 (0.65 ± 0.02 vs. 0.88 ± 0.02), NQO-1 (0.58 ± 0.02 vs. 0.78 ± 0.02), LC3-II/I (0.20 ± 0.004 vs. 0.28 ± 0.01), ATG4D (0.45 ± 0.01 vs. 0.72 ± 0.04), and P62 (0.85 ± 0.01 vs. 0.99 ± 0.03). The <i>in vitro</i> experiments further revealed that 3-methyladenine (3-MA) significantly reversed the decreased apoptosis of IEC-6 cells induced by 20 μmol/L SFN (20.60 ± 1.28 vs. 11.50 ± 0.58).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SFN exhibited the protective effect on intestinal mucosa injury after SAH via activating autophagy, which may provide an innovative approach to alleviate the intestinal mucosa injury caused by SAH.</p>","PeriodicalId":12465,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences","volume":"12 ","pages":"1635795"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12411172/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The protection of sulforaphane on subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced intestinal mucosa injury in rats.\",\"authors\":\"Zixiang Liu, Pengpeng Li, Yuanhai Zhang, Shidi Zhao, Wei Gao\",\"doi\":\"10.3389/fmolb.2025.1635795\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sulforaphane (SFN) is recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we explored the effect of SFN on subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and the potential mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three groups (n = 12): Sham + vehicle group (Sham + V), SAH + vehicle group (SAH + V), and SAH + SFN group (SAH + S). SFN (50 mg/kg) dissolved in 250-280 μL corn oil was intraperitoneally injected, and the same volume of corn oil was served as the control. The appetite score, gut wet/dry weight ratio, and histological changes in ileum tissues were examined to determine intestinal mucosal injury. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were performed to examine the expression of genes. LC3 immunofluorescence and Hoechst 33258 staining were used to assess cell autophagy and apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the SAH + V group, the SAH + S group demonstrated a significantly increased appetite score (1.55 ± 0.23 vs. 1.90 ± 0.35); decreased gut wet/dry weight ratio (4.02 ± 0.21 vs. 3.18 ± 0.21) and inflammatory score (2.89 ± 0.33 vs. 1.89 ± 0.60); elevated mRNA expression of Nrf-2 (1.12 ± 0.14 vs. 1.89 ± 0.12), HO-1 (0.46 ± 0.02 vs. 1.02 ± 0.10), and NQO-1 (1.35 ± 0.09 vs. 1.97 ± 0.18); and elevated protein levels of Nrf-2 (0.92 ± 0.18 vs. 1.43 ± 0.23), Keap1 (0.31 ± 0.03 vs. 0.44 ± 0.02), HO-1 (0.65 ± 0.02 vs. 0.88 ± 0.02), NQO-1 (0.58 ± 0.02 vs. 0.78 ± 0.02), LC3-II/I (0.20 ± 0.004 vs. 0.28 ± 0.01), ATG4D (0.45 ± 0.01 vs. 0.72 ± 0.04), and P62 (0.85 ± 0.01 vs. 0.99 ± 0.03). The <i>in vitro</i> experiments further revealed that 3-methyladenine (3-MA) significantly reversed the decreased apoptosis of IEC-6 cells induced by 20 μmol/L SFN (20.60 ± 1.28 vs. 11.50 ± 0.58).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SFN exhibited the protective effect on intestinal mucosa injury after SAH via activating autophagy, which may provide an innovative approach to alleviate the intestinal mucosa injury caused by SAH.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12465,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences\",\"volume\":\"12 \",\"pages\":\"1635795\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-08-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12411172/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2025.1635795\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2025.1635795","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
The protection of sulforaphane on subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced intestinal mucosa injury in rats.
Introduction: Sulforaphane (SFN) is recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we explored the effect of SFN on subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and the potential mechanisms.
Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three groups (n = 12): Sham + vehicle group (Sham + V), SAH + vehicle group (SAH + V), and SAH + SFN group (SAH + S). SFN (50 mg/kg) dissolved in 250-280 μL corn oil was intraperitoneally injected, and the same volume of corn oil was served as the control. The appetite score, gut wet/dry weight ratio, and histological changes in ileum tissues were examined to determine intestinal mucosal injury. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were performed to examine the expression of genes. LC3 immunofluorescence and Hoechst 33258 staining were used to assess cell autophagy and apoptosis.
Results: Compared to the SAH + V group, the SAH + S group demonstrated a significantly increased appetite score (1.55 ± 0.23 vs. 1.90 ± 0.35); decreased gut wet/dry weight ratio (4.02 ± 0.21 vs. 3.18 ± 0.21) and inflammatory score (2.89 ± 0.33 vs. 1.89 ± 0.60); elevated mRNA expression of Nrf-2 (1.12 ± 0.14 vs. 1.89 ± 0.12), HO-1 (0.46 ± 0.02 vs. 1.02 ± 0.10), and NQO-1 (1.35 ± 0.09 vs. 1.97 ± 0.18); and elevated protein levels of Nrf-2 (0.92 ± 0.18 vs. 1.43 ± 0.23), Keap1 (0.31 ± 0.03 vs. 0.44 ± 0.02), HO-1 (0.65 ± 0.02 vs. 0.88 ± 0.02), NQO-1 (0.58 ± 0.02 vs. 0.78 ± 0.02), LC3-II/I (0.20 ± 0.004 vs. 0.28 ± 0.01), ATG4D (0.45 ± 0.01 vs. 0.72 ± 0.04), and P62 (0.85 ± 0.01 vs. 0.99 ± 0.03). The in vitro experiments further revealed that 3-methyladenine (3-MA) significantly reversed the decreased apoptosis of IEC-6 cells induced by 20 μmol/L SFN (20.60 ± 1.28 vs. 11.50 ± 0.58).
Conclusion: SFN exhibited the protective effect on intestinal mucosa injury after SAH via activating autophagy, which may provide an innovative approach to alleviate the intestinal mucosa injury caused by SAH.
期刊介绍：
Much of contemporary investigation in the life sciences is devoted to the molecular-scale understanding of the relationships between genes and the environment — in particular, dynamic alterations in the levels, modifications, and interactions of cellular effectors, including proteins. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences offers an international publication platform for basic as well as applied research; we encourage contributions spanning both established and emerging areas of biology. To this end, the journal draws from empirical disciplines such as structural biology, enzymology, biochemistry, and biophysics, capitalizing as well on the technological advancements that have enabled metabolomics and proteomics measurements in massively parallel throughput, and the development of robust and innovative computational biology strategies. We also recognize influences from medicine and technology, welcoming studies in molecular genetics, molecular diagnostics and therapeutics, and nanotechnology.
Our ultimate objective is the comprehensive illustration of the molecular mechanisms regulating proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and small metabolites in organisms across all branches of life.
In addition to interesting new findings, techniques, and applications, Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences will consider new testable hypotheses to inspire different perspectives and stimulate scientific dialogue. The integration of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches will benefit endeavors across all domains of the life sciences.
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