通过围产期和母乳传播感染艾滋病毒的婴儿早期病毒群体的特征:目前已知的情况和需要解决的差距,以指导母乳喂养婴儿的被动艾滋病毒免疫。

IF 1 4区 医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY
Elena E Giorgi, Melissa-Rose Abrahams, Genevieve Fouda, Grace John-Stewart, Ameena Goga, James I Mullins, Sallie R Permar, Holly E Janes, Troy M Martin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

新生儿只占人口的1%。然而,艾滋病毒垂直传播占全球所有新感染的10%,尽管抗逆转录病毒疗法已被证明可将垂直传播的风险降低到不到2%。虽然疫苗仍然是根除新感染的最有效和最具成本效益的干预措施,但能够有效提供广谱保护的艾滋病毒免疫原至少还需要十年的时间。相比之下,广泛中和抗体(bnAb)组合的被动免疫有可能为艾滋病毒预防提供更直接的途径。早期婴儿试验正在进行中,以确定bnAb组合的安全性和药代动力学,这些组合是根据其对抗通过成人传播获得的病毒的效力而选择的。然而,与成人相比,婴儿垂直传播病毒的具体特征和表型差异仍然不确定,包括他们对已知的广泛中和抗体(bnAbs)的易感性。我们回顾了目前对垂直传播的HIV病毒的了解,包括它们的遗传和表型特征。成人和婴儿之间的免疫力差异使我们假设,在病毒传播时和感染的早期阶段,不同的选择和进化压力对病毒起作用,而这些可能反过来影响防止艾滋病毒垂直传播所需的bnAb组合的选择。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Characterization of Early Viral Populations in Infants Acquiring HIV Through Perinatal and Breastmilk Transmission: A Review of what is Currently Known and the Gaps that Need to be Addressed to Guide Passive HIV Immunization of Breastfeeding Infants.

Newborns represent only 1% of the population. Yet, HIV vertical transmissions represent 10% of all new infections globally, even though antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been shown to reduce the risk of vertical transmission to less than 2%. While vaccines still represent the most efficient and cost-effective intervention to eradicate new infections, HIV immunogens that can effectively elicit broad-spectrum protection are still at least a decade away. In contrast, passive immunization with broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) combinations has the potential to provide a more immediate pathway to HIV prophylaxis. Early-phase infant trials are underway to establish the safety and pharmacokinetics of bnAb combinations selected for their potency against viruses acquired via adult transmissions. However, the specific characteristics and phenotypic differences of vertically transmitted viruses in infants compared to those in adults remain uncertain, including their susceptibility to known broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). We review the current knowledge of vertically transmitted HIV viruses, including their genetics and phenotypic features. Differences in immunity between adults and infants lead us to hypothesize that distinct selection and evolutionary pressures act on the virus at the time of transmission and during the early phases of infection, and these may in turn affect the choice of bnAb combinations needed for protection against vertical transmission of HIV.

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来源期刊
Current HIV Research
Current HIV Research 医学-病毒学
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
10.00%
发文量
81
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Current HIV Research covers all the latest and outstanding developments of HIV research by publishing original research, review articles and guest edited thematic issues. The novel pioneering work in the basic and clinical fields on all areas of HIV research covers: virus replication and gene expression, HIV assembly, virus-cell interaction, viral pathogenesis, epidemiology and transmission, anti-retroviral therapy and adherence, drug discovery, the latest developments in HIV/AIDS vaccines and animal models, mechanisms and interactions with AIDS related diseases, social and public health issues related to HIV disease, and prevention of viral infection. Periodically, the journal invites guest editors to devote an issue on a particular area of HIV research of great interest that increases our understanding of the virus and its complex interaction with the host.
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