西地中海盆地开放期间海底生物的兴起与海底生物之谜

IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q2 BIOLOGY
Geobiology Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI:10.1111/gbi.70031
Simone Bernardini, Anas Abbassi, Paola Cipollari, Giancarlo Della Ventura, Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez, Enrico Mugnaioli, Luigi Jovane, Armida Sodo, Fabio Bellatreccia, Mohamed N. Zaghloul, Domenico Cosentino
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引用次数: 0

摘要

大规模的地质过程塑造了微生物的栖息地,推动了地球上生命的进化。在渐新世,非洲和欧洲之间的融合导致了西地中海盆地的开放,这是一个以流体喷吐、氧气耗尽和底栖动物缺乏为特征的深海系统。在这种极端的、不适宜居住的海底环境中,形成了梭状的物体,即所谓的Tubotomaculum,其起源长期以来一直存在争议。我们发现这些神秘的矿化是由微生物介导产生的纳米级、低结晶、富磷的Mn-Fe化合物组成的。它们保存了碳质物质以及形态、化学和矿物学上的生物特征,包括高锰氧化态(3.9±0.15)、细胞包膜、细胞外聚合物(EPS)、氧化还原敏感的锰和铁的细胞-EPS分配、集群组装的微生物细胞、微生物石样结构和分支结构,以及营养物质运输的通道网络。地球化学特征表明,在缺氧、非硫化物(后氧)条件下,从混合的海水-热液流体中析出,在掩埋之前暴露在海底。这些自组织微生物种群的梭状结构表明,与排气活动有关的营养丰富的海底水流形成了这种结构。这项研究提供了对新生的西地中海盆地底栖生物初始殖民化的详细了解,并建立了Tubotomaculum作为研究极端环境下生物矿化和微生物适应的模型,对寻找地外生命具有重要意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

The Tubotomaculum Enigma and the Rise of Benthic Life During the Opening of the Western Mediterranean Basin

The Tubotomaculum Enigma and the Rise of Benthic Life During the Opening of the Western Mediterranean Basin

Large-scale geological processes shape microbial habitats and drive the evolution of life on Earth. During the Oligocene, convergence between Africa and Europe led to the opening of the Western Mediterranean Basin, a deep-ocean system characterized by fluid venting, oxygen depletion, and the absence of benthic fauna. In this extreme, inhospitable seafloor environment, fusiform objects known as Tubotomaculum formed, whose origin has long remained controversial. We show that these enigmatic mineralizations consist of nanosized, poorly crystalline, phosphorus-rich Mn-Fe compounds produced through microbial mediation. They preserve carbonaceous material together with morphological, chemical, and mineralogical biosignatures, including high Mn oxidation state (3.9 ± 0.15), cell envelopes, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), cell-EPS partitioning of redox-sensitive Mn and Fe, cluster-assembled microbial cells, microbialite-like and branching structures, and channel networks for nutrient transport. Geochemical signatures indicate precipitation under suboxic to anoxic, non-sulfidic (post-oxic) conditions from mixed seawater–hydrothermal fluids, with exposure on the seafloor prior to burial. The fusiform architecture of these self-organized microbial populations suggests shaping by nutrient-rich bottom currents associated with venting activity. This study provides a detailed glimpse into initial benthic colonization of the nascent Western Mediterranean Basin and establishes Tubotomaculum as a model for investigating biomineralization and microbial adaptation in extreme environments, with implications for the search for life beyond Earth.

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来源期刊
Geobiology
Geobiology 生物-地球科学综合
CiteScore
6.80
自引率
5.40%
发文量
56
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The field of geobiology explores the relationship between life and the Earth''s physical and chemical environment. Geobiology, launched in 2003, aims to provide a natural home for geobiological research, allowing the cross-fertilization of critical ideas, and promoting cooperation and advancement in this emerging field. We also aim to provide you with a forum for the rapid publication of your results in an international journal of high standing. We are particularly interested in papers crossing disciplines and containing both geological and biological elements, emphasizing the co-evolutionary interactions between life and its physical environment over geological time. Geobiology invites submission of high-quality articles in the following areas: Origins and evolution of life Co-evolution of the atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere The sedimentary rock record and geobiology of critical intervals Paleobiology and evolutionary ecology Biogeochemistry and global elemental cycles Microbe-mineral interactions Biomarkers Molecular ecology and phylogenetics.
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