Optimization of Green Extraction and Spinnability Enhancement of Bamboo Fiber via Multi-stage Synergistic Processing

This study presented a multi-stage bamboo fiber treatment process integrating ozone pretreatment, bio-enzymatic synergistic degradation, and hydrogen peroxide refining, aiming to achieve efficient non-cellulosic component removal and fiber performance optimization through physico-biochemical synergy. Experimental results demonstrated that the optimal process F-5 (ozone → hemicellulase → laccase → H₂O₂) significantly improved fiber quality: bundle fiber fineness decreased to 2.73 tex, while residual gum content (2.52%) and residual lignin (5.24%) were reduced by 66.5% and 78.2%, respectively, compared to the control group (F-8: 7.52% gum, 24.03% lignin). The treated fibers exhibited excellent mechanical properties with a breaking strength of 4.58 cN/dtex and elongation at break of 4.17%. Microscopic characterization (SEM) revealed clean fiber surfaces with high separation integrity, while FTIR analysis confirmed significant attenuation of lignin characteristic peaks (1652 cm⁻¹) and hemicellulose acetyl-group bands (1745 cm⁻¹). Mechanistic studies indicated that ozone pretreatment disrupted lignin crosslinked networks (porosity increased substantially) to enhance subsequent reagent penetration, bi-enzymes selectively degrade hemicellulose (via β-1,4-glycosidic bond cleavage) and lignin (via phenolic unit oxidation), and hydrogen peroxide post-treatment eliminates residual gums. This stage-synergized strategy reduced chemical consumption, providing a feasible approach for green bamboo fiber extraction with potential applications in biomedical textiles, bio-composites, and eco-friendly absorbent materials.