{"title":"新型磁性纳米生物复合吸附剂CoFe₂O₄@CMC/半胱氨酸的快速、绿色合成","authors":"Alireza Nasiri, Majid Amiri Gharaghani, Ghazal Yazdanpanah, Hakimeh Mahdizadeh, Najmeh Amirmahani","doi":"10.1007/s10924-025-03629-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A highly efficient, magnetically separable nano-adsorbent, CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/Cysteine (Cys), was developed using a rapid microwave-assisted coprecipitation method. CMC acted as a cross-linking agent and was modified with functional groups from cysteine to enhance adsorption performance for pharmaceutical removal. The magnetic nano-adsorbent was characterized using various techniques, including Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Line Scan, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy—Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), Mapping, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Powder EDS and XRD confirmed the spinel ferrite phase and its structure, while FESEM and TEM showed spherical particles with minimal agglomeration. VSM analysis indicated the ferromagnetic properties of CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@CMC/Cys with an Ms value of 41.36 emu.g<sup>−1</sup>, allowing easy and rapid separation for regeneration. Regarding the effectiveness of CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@CMC/Cys for Tetracycline (TC) adsorption, the highest efficiency was recorded at an initial TC concentration of 40 mg/L, with a contact time of 20 min, a pH of 5, a nanocomposite dosage of 0.07 g, and at 23 °C. Data obtained from the Langmuir equilibrium isotherm (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99) demonstrated that TC removal using the produced magnetic nanocomposite followed the Langmuir adsorption pattern. Moreover, kinetic analysis identified a <i>pseudo</i>-second-order model for TC elimination (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99). The entropy change (ΔS = − 106.5 J.mol<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>), negative Gibbs free energy change (ΔG), and enthalpy change (ΔH = − 36.52 kJ.mol<sup>−1</sup>) all indicated that the adsorption process was exothermic. The CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@CMC/Cys nanoadsorbent demonstrated high efficiency in TC removal, with only a slight decline in performance after five cycles. Its rapid recoverability and sustained performance make it an effective and sustainable solution for water and wastewater treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"33 9","pages":"4212 - 4236"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Facile, Fast, and Green Synthesis of CoFe₂O₄@CMC/Cysteine as a Novel Magnetic Nanobiocomposite Adsorbent for Tetracycline Removal from Aqueous Media\",\"authors\":\"Alireza Nasiri, Majid Amiri Gharaghani, Ghazal Yazdanpanah, Hakimeh Mahdizadeh, Najmeh Amirmahani\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10924-025-03629-x\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>A highly efficient, magnetically separable nano-adsorbent, CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/Cysteine (Cys), was developed using a rapid microwave-assisted coprecipitation method. CMC acted as a cross-linking agent and was modified with functional groups from cysteine to enhance adsorption performance for pharmaceutical removal. The magnetic nano-adsorbent was characterized using various techniques, including Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Line Scan, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy—Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), Mapping, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Powder EDS and XRD confirmed the spinel ferrite phase and its structure, while FESEM and TEM showed spherical particles with minimal agglomeration. VSM analysis indicated the ferromagnetic properties of CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@CMC/Cys with an Ms value of 41.36 emu.g<sup>−1</sup>, allowing easy and rapid separation for regeneration. Regarding the effectiveness of CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@CMC/Cys for Tetracycline (TC) adsorption, the highest efficiency was recorded at an initial TC concentration of 40 mg/L, with a contact time of 20 min, a pH of 5, a nanocomposite dosage of 0.07 g, and at 23 °C. Data obtained from the Langmuir equilibrium isotherm (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99) demonstrated that TC removal using the produced magnetic nanocomposite followed the Langmuir adsorption pattern. Moreover, kinetic analysis identified a <i>pseudo</i>-second-order model for TC elimination (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99). The entropy change (ΔS = − 106.5 J.mol<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>), negative Gibbs free energy change (ΔG), and enthalpy change (ΔH = − 36.52 kJ.mol<sup>−1</sup>) all indicated that the adsorption process was exothermic. The CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@CMC/Cys nanoadsorbent demonstrated high efficiency in TC removal, with only a slight decline in performance after five cycles. Its rapid recoverability and sustained performance make it an effective and sustainable solution for water and wastewater treatment.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":659,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Polymers and the Environment\",\"volume\":\"33 9\",\"pages\":\"4212 - 4236\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-21\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Polymers and the Environment\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10924-025-03629-x\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10924-025-03629-x","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Facile, Fast, and Green Synthesis of CoFe₂O₄@CMC/Cysteine as a Novel Magnetic Nanobiocomposite Adsorbent for Tetracycline Removal from Aqueous Media
A highly efficient, magnetically separable nano-adsorbent, CoFe2O4@Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/Cysteine (Cys), was developed using a rapid microwave-assisted coprecipitation method. CMC acted as a cross-linking agent and was modified with functional groups from cysteine to enhance adsorption performance for pharmaceutical removal. The magnetic nano-adsorbent was characterized using various techniques, including Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Line Scan, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy—Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), Mapping, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Powder EDS and XRD confirmed the spinel ferrite phase and its structure, while FESEM and TEM showed spherical particles with minimal agglomeration. VSM analysis indicated the ferromagnetic properties of CoFe2O4@CMC/Cys with an Ms value of 41.36 emu.g−1, allowing easy and rapid separation for regeneration. Regarding the effectiveness of CoFe2O4@CMC/Cys for Tetracycline (TC) adsorption, the highest efficiency was recorded at an initial TC concentration of 40 mg/L, with a contact time of 20 min, a pH of 5, a nanocomposite dosage of 0.07 g, and at 23 °C. Data obtained from the Langmuir equilibrium isotherm (R2 = 0.99) demonstrated that TC removal using the produced magnetic nanocomposite followed the Langmuir adsorption pattern. Moreover, kinetic analysis identified a pseudo-second-order model for TC elimination (R2 = 0.99). The entropy change (ΔS = − 106.5 J.mol−1 K−1), negative Gibbs free energy change (ΔG), and enthalpy change (ΔH = − 36.52 kJ.mol−1) all indicated that the adsorption process was exothermic. The CoFe2O4@CMC/Cys nanoadsorbent demonstrated high efficiency in TC removal, with only a slight decline in performance after five cycles. Its rapid recoverability and sustained performance make it an effective and sustainable solution for water and wastewater treatment.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Polymers and the Environment fills the need for an international forum in this diverse and rapidly expanding field. The journal serves a crucial role for the publication of information from a wide range of disciplines and is a central outlet for the publication of high-quality peer-reviewed original papers, review articles and short communications. The journal is intentionally interdisciplinary in regard to contributions and covers the following subjects - polymers, environmentally degradable polymers, and degradation pathways: biological, photochemical, oxidative and hydrolytic; new environmental materials: derived by chemical and biosynthetic routes; environmental blends and composites; developments in processing and reactive processing of environmental polymers; characterization of environmental materials: mechanical, physical, thermal, rheological, morphological, and others; recyclable polymers and plastics recycling environmental testing: in-laboratory simulations, outdoor exposures, and standardization of methodologies; environmental fate: end products and intermediates of biodegradation; microbiology and enzymology of polymer biodegradation; solid-waste management and public legislation specific to environmental polymers; and other related topics.
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