Factors associated with in-hospital and 12-month mortality in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture

Introduction

The increase in the incidence of hip fractures in elderly patients is associated with higher mortality, with rates as high as 30% per year. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with in-hospital and 12-month mortality in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture. While the type of procedure (HA vs. THA) was analysed, the primary focus was on clinical and perioperative variables influencing mortality.

Material and methods

A retrospective case–control study was conducted with a sample of 476 patients treated with THA or HA between 2016 and 2018. A multivariate analysis was performed, to identify the variables with the most significant impact on in-hospital mortality and mortality within the first year of follow-up.

Results

In-hospital mortality was 6.8%, while 12-month mortality reached 10.9%. The variables associated with higher mortality were age, respiratory disease, renal insufficiency, chronic anaemia, use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant medications, and being bedridden or chair-bound. No statistically significant differences were observed regarding the type of procedure (THA or HA).

Conclusions

The use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant medications, chronic renal insufficiency, and being bedridden or chair-bound were associated with higher in-hospital mortality. Chronic anaemia, respiratory disease, chronic renal insufficiency, and being bedridden or chair-bound correlated with an increase in mortality during the first year.