Effect of Dy3+ concentration on the luminescence properties of Dy3+/Gd3+ co-doped in barium sodium borate glass scintillators

A series of Dy³⁺/Gd³⁺ co-doped Ba–Na–N glasses were synthesized via the melt-quenching method and investigated for their photoluminescence (PL) and radioluminescence (RL) properties. Under 387 nm excitation (Dy³⁺ ions), the sample containing 1.0 mol% Dy₂O₃ exhibited the strongest PL intensity, achieved a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 7.59 %. Upon 275 nm excitation (Gd³⁺ ions), efficient energy transfer from Gd³⁺ to Dy³⁺ was observed, with the strongest PL intensity obtained in the 0.5 mol% Dy₂O₃ sample. Chromaticity coordinates of all samples were located near (x = 0.37, y = 0.42), confirming their white-light emission capability. For RL measurements under X-ray excitation, the 0.50 mol% Dy₂O₃ glass sample reached an integral scintillation efficiency of 14.84 % relative to a commercial BGO standard. These results highlight the potential of the developed glasses in this work for use in white light-emitting devices and cost-effective X-ray scintillators.