Characterization of the olive fly (Bactrocera oleae) microbiome across diverse geographic regions of Morocco.

The olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae) is a significant pest threatening olive production worldwide. Bactrocera oleae relies on symbiotic bacteria for nutrition, development, and adaptation to its environment. Among these, Candidatus Erwinia dacicola is the most dominant symbiont and plays a key role in the fly's physiology and ecological adaptation. Understanding the dynamics between B. oleae, Ca. E. dacicola, and other components of the B. oleae microbiome is essential for developing effective targeted area-wide pest management strategies. This study aims to leverage full 16S rRNA gene sequencing to enhance the characterization of microbiome diversity in wild B. oleae populations from different regions in Morocco: Ouezzane, Rabat, Tanger, Errachidia, and Beni-Mellal. The results revealed distinct microbiome compositions influenced by geographic locations, with Candidatus Erwinia dacicola as the dominant symbiont, followed by Erwinia persicina as a secondary contributor. Other bacterial taxa, including Asaia bogorensis, were also identified, highlighting the functional diversity within the olive fly microbiome. These findings provide insights into the microbial ecology of B. oleae, contributing to the development and enhancement of sustainable pest control strategies.