Diagnosis and Potential Therapy of Brain Diseases Using 64Cu: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: This paper provides a comprehensive review examining the application of copper radionuclides, particularly 64Cu, in the diagnosis and potential therapy of various brain diseases.

Methods: Two researchers conducted an independent search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases for original research articles published in English. Following a screening process based on titles and abstracts, 42 publications reporting the use of copper radionuclides for diagnosing or treating brain diseases were selected for this review.

Results: The analysis revealed that several copper isotopes, namely 60 Cu, 61 Cu, 62 Cu, 64Cu, and 67Cu, have been explored for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes in conditions including Alzheimer's disease, Wilson's disease, brain tumors, and traumatic brain injury. The isotopes 60 Cu, 61 Cu, and 62 Cu were primarily associated with diagnostic uses. In contrast, 64Cu and 67Cu were identified as having potential for both diagnosis and therapy (theranostic). Furthermore, the availability of 64Cu was noted to be better compared to 67Cu.

Discussion: 64Cu radionuclides are frequently employed in imaging techniques for brain pathologies. While their role in radiographic applications is prominent, the therapeutic potential of 64Cu is currently underdeveloped, and current evidence is primarily derived from preclinical studies, highlighting the critical need for clinical trials to validate 64Cu's efficacy and safety as a theranostic agent in neurological conditions.

Conclusion: 64Cu holds significant potential for both diagnosis and therapy of various brain diseases. Continued research and development in this area are crucial to unlock its full therapeutic potential and improve patient outcomes.