孟加拉国长期PM2.5暴露:确定污染热点、趋势、来源和健康风险评估

IF 2.9 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Md. Arfan Ali, Mazen E. Assiri, Muhammad Bilal, Salman Tariq, Gerrit de Leeuw, M. Nazrul Islam, Yu Wang, Lama Alamri, Ayman S. Ghulam, Shamsuddin Shahid
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引用次数: 0

摘要

细颗粒物(PM2.5)因其对人类健康、气候和环境的严重影响而成为一项重大的全球挑战,并被确定为全球过早死亡和发病的主要原因。地面测量的可得性和分布有限,妨碍了对孟加拉国空气污染影响的长期研究。因此,本研究利用华盛顿大学开发的全球月度PM2.5估算值,分析了2001 - 2020年孟加拉国PM2.5的时空分布和变异性、趋势、健康风险(HR)、控制区和潜在源贡献函数(PSCF)。20年平均空间分布显示,PM2.5热点遍布孟加拉国各地,尤其是达卡、迈门辛格、吉大港、巴里萨尔、库尔纳、拉杰沙希和Rangpur等城市地区,冬季污染程度高于其他季节。冬季,孟加拉国64个城市的PM2.5在55.12 ~ 159.42µg/m3之间,比世界卫生组织空气质量标准(WHOAQS,年平均值≤5µg/m3)高出11 ~ 32倍,比孟加拉国国家环境空气质量标准(BNAAQS,年平均值≤15µg/m3)高出4 ~ 11倍。此外,₂下午。孟加拉国63个城市的₅水平显着增加,2000年至2020年期间的费率从0.54至1.38微克/立方米/年不等。点₂。孟加拉国的₅组件显示海盐(SS),有机碳(OC),硫酸盐(SO₄),黑碳(BC)和硝酸盐的增加趋势,除了粉尘,其呈现出可以忽略不计的下降趋势。天气条件、工业排放、汽车尾气和生物质燃烧对PM 2有显著影响。₅浓度。人力资源评估显示,2001年至2020年期间,孟加拉国的极高风险地区所占比例从14.57%显著上升至39.29%。最后,PSCF分析表明,孟加拉国的空气质量主要受到来自印度-恒河平原(IGB)、印度、尼泊尔、孟加拉湾、斯里兰卡、马纳尔湾、阿拉伯海和拉卡迪夫海的PM2.5外源的影响,其中冬季影响最大,其次是春季、秋季和夏季。建议政策制定者利用这项研究的结果来实施有针对性的战略,以降低PM2.5浓度并改善孟加拉国的空气质量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Long-term PM2.5 exposure in Bangladesh: identification of pollution hotspots, trends, sources and health risk assessment

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) represents a significant global challenge due to its severe effects on human health, climate, and the environment, and is identified as the leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity worldwide. The limited availability and distribution of ground-based measurements hinder long-term studies on the impacts of air pollution in Bangladesh. Therefore, in this study, global estimates of monthly PM2.5 developed by Washington University were used to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution and variability of PM2.5, trends, health risk (HR), control zones, and potential source contribution function (PSCF) in Bangladesh from 2001 to 2020. The 20-year average spatial distribution shows PM2.5 hotspots across Bangladesh, particularly in the urban areas of Dhaka, Mymensingh, Chittagong, Barisal, Khulna, Rajshahi, and Rangpur, with higher pollution in the winter than in other seasons. In winter, PM2.5 ranged from 55.12 to 159.42 µg/m3 across 64 cities in Bangladesh, which is 11 to 32 times higher than the World Health Organization Air Quality Standards (WHOAQS; annual mean: ≤ 5 µg/m3) and 4 to 11 times higher than the Bangladesh National Ambient Air Quality Standards (BNAAQS; annual mean: ≤ 15 µg/m3). Moreover, PM₂.₅ levels significantly increased in 63 cities across Bangladesh, with rates ranging from 0.54 to 1.38 µg/m³/year between 2000 and 2020. PM₂.₅ components in Bangladesh show an increasing trend for Sea Salt (SS), Organic Carbon (OC), Sulfate (SO₄), Black Carbon (BC), and Nitrate, except for Dust, which exhibits a negligible decreasing trend. Weather conditions, industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and biomass burning significantly influence PM₂.₅ concentrations. The HR assessment showed that the percentage of extremely high-risk areas in Bangladesh rose significantly from 14.57 to 39.29% between 2001 and 2020. Finally, PSCF analysis shows that air quality in Bangladesh is mainly affected by external sources of PM2.5 originating from the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGB), India, Nepal, Bay of Bengal, Sri Lanka, Gulf of Mannar, Arabian Sea, and Laccadive Sea, with the strongest impact in the winter, followed by spring, autumn, and summer. It is recommended that policymakers utilize the findings of this study to implement targeted strategies for reducing PM2.5 concentrations and improving air quality across Bangladesh.

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来源期刊
Air Quality Atmosphere and Health
Air Quality Atmosphere and Health ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
2.00%
发文量
146
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health is a multidisciplinary journal which, by its very name, illustrates the broad range of work it publishes and which focuses on atmospheric consequences of human activities and their implications for human and ecological health. It offers research papers, critical literature reviews and commentaries, as well as special issues devoted to topical subjects or themes. International in scope, the journal presents papers that inform and stimulate a global readership, as the topic addressed are global in their import. Consequently, we do not encourage submission of papers involving local data that relate to local problems. Unless they demonstrate wide applicability, these are better submitted to national or regional journals. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health addresses such topics as acid precipitation; airborne particulate matter; air quality monitoring and management; exposure assessment; risk assessment; indoor air quality; atmospheric chemistry; atmospheric modeling and prediction; air pollution climatology; climate change and air quality; air pollution measurement; atmospheric impact assessment; forest-fire emissions; atmospheric science; greenhouse gases; health and ecological effects; clean air technology; regional and global change and satellite measurements. This journal benefits a diverse audience of researchers, public health officials and policy makers addressing problems that call for solutions based in evidence from atmospheric and exposure assessment scientists, epidemiologists, and risk assessors. Publication in the journal affords the opportunity to reach beyond defined disciplinary niches to this broader readership.
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