Global-in-time maximal regularity for the Cauchy problem of the heat equation in BMO and applications

In this article, we establish global-in-time maximal regularity for the Cauchy problem of the classical heat equation ${\partial }_{t}u(x,t)-\Delta u(x,t)=f(x,t)$ with $u(x,0)=0$ in a certain BMO setting, which improves the local-in-time result initially proposed by Ogawa and Shimizu in [26], [27]. In further developing our method originally formulated for the heat equation, we obtain analogous global BMO-maximal regularity associated to the Schrödinger operator $L=-\Delta +V$, where the nonnegative potential V belongs to the reverse Hölder class ${\mathrm{RH}}_q$ for some $q>n/2$. This extension includes several inhomogeneous estimates as ingredients, such as Carleson-type estimates for the external forces.

Our new methodology is to exploit elaborate heat kernel estimates, along with matched space-time decomposition on the involving integral-type structure of maximal operators, as well as some global techniques such as those from de Simon's work and Schur's lemma. One crucial trick is to utilize the mean oscillation therein to contribute a higher and necessary decay order for global-in-time estimates.