儿童对过去经验如何塑造未来期望的理解。

IF 3.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL
Rosie Aboody,Caiqin Zhou,Julian Jara-Ettinger
{"title":"儿童对过去经验如何塑造未来期望的理解。","authors":"Rosie Aboody,Caiqin Zhou,Julian Jara-Ettinger","doi":"10.1111/cdev.70032","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"As adults, we do not expect ignorant agents to behave randomly or always get things wrong. Instead, we expect them to act reasonably, guided by past experiences. We test whether 4-to-6-year-olds share this intuition and use it to infer others' knowledge, or whether they rely on a simple \"ignorance = error\" heuristic identified in past work. Across three pre-registered experiments (n = 264 4-to-6-year-olds recruited in the US between 2018-2022; demographic data not collected), we find that 4-year-olds expect agents to draw on past experiences when acting in new situations. However, only 6-year-olds reliably use this expectation to infer others' knowledge from behavior. These findings suggest that by age 6, children use a causal model of how ignorance shapes behavior, and not just a cue-based understanding of epistemic states.","PeriodicalId":10109,"journal":{"name":"Child development","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Children's Understanding of How Past Experience Shapes Future Expectations.\",\"authors\":\"Rosie Aboody,Caiqin Zhou,Julian Jara-Ettinger\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/cdev.70032\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"As adults, we do not expect ignorant agents to behave randomly or always get things wrong. Instead, we expect them to act reasonably, guided by past experiences. We test whether 4-to-6-year-olds share this intuition and use it to infer others' knowledge, or whether they rely on a simple \\\"ignorance = error\\\" heuristic identified in past work. Across three pre-registered experiments (n = 264 4-to-6-year-olds recruited in the US between 2018-2022; demographic data not collected), we find that 4-year-olds expect agents to draw on past experiences when acting in new situations. However, only 6-year-olds reliably use this expectation to infer others' knowledge from behavior. These findings suggest that by age 6, children use a causal model of how ignorance shapes behavior, and not just a cue-based understanding of epistemic states.\",\"PeriodicalId\":10109,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Child development\",\"volume\":\"65 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-05\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Child development\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"102\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.70032\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"心理学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Child development","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.70032","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

作为成年人,我们不期望无知的代理人随机行事或总是出错。相反,我们期望他们在过去经验的指导下,采取合理的行动。我们测试了4到6岁的孩子是否也有这种直觉,并利用它来推断他人的知识,或者他们是否依赖于过去工作中发现的简单的“无知=错误”启发式。在三个预先注册的实验中(2018-2022年期间在美国招募的264名4- 6岁儿童;未收集人口统计数据),我们发现4岁的孩子希望代理人在新情况下采取行动时借鉴过去的经验。然而,只有6岁的孩子可靠地使用这种期望从行为中推断他人的知识。这些发现表明,到6岁时,孩子们会使用无知如何塑造行为的因果模型,而不仅仅是对认知状态的基于线索的理解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Children's Understanding of How Past Experience Shapes Future Expectations.
As adults, we do not expect ignorant agents to behave randomly or always get things wrong. Instead, we expect them to act reasonably, guided by past experiences. We test whether 4-to-6-year-olds share this intuition and use it to infer others' knowledge, or whether they rely on a simple "ignorance = error" heuristic identified in past work. Across three pre-registered experiments (n = 264 4-to-6-year-olds recruited in the US between 2018-2022; demographic data not collected), we find that 4-year-olds expect agents to draw on past experiences when acting in new situations. However, only 6-year-olds reliably use this expectation to infer others' knowledge from behavior. These findings suggest that by age 6, children use a causal model of how ignorance shapes behavior, and not just a cue-based understanding of epistemic states.
求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
Child development
Child development Multiple-
CiteScore
9.20
自引率
4.30%
发文量
149
期刊介绍: As the flagship journal of the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD), Child Development has published articles, essays, reviews, and tutorials on various topics in the field of child development since 1930. Spanning many disciplines, the journal provides the latest research, not only for researchers and theoreticians, but also for child psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, psychiatric social workers, specialists in early childhood education, educational psychologists, special education teachers, and other researchers. In addition to six issues per year of Child Development, subscribers to the journal also receive a full subscription to Child Development Perspectives and Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信