Biomimetic semiconducting polymer dots for dual targeted NIR-II phototheranostic and multimodal coordinated immunostimulatory therapy†

Breast cancer is a global health challenge necessitating more precise and effective treatment strategies. In this study, we developed a novel drug-loaded therapeutic nanoplatform, OCPdots@CTe, which integrated near-infrared-II (NIR-II) window phototheranostic for targeted treatment of orthotopic breast tumors. The outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) can stimulate more immune responses based on precise targeting, while chelerythrine (CTe) can induce apoptosis by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby enhancing the therapeutic effect. Owing to the excellent optical properties of polymer dots (Pdots), this nanoplatform can also monitor the in vivo distribution of drugs with dual-module imaging. Moreover, the biomimetics significantly improved the biocompatibility of Pdots@CTe and provided precise delivery. Our results revealed that OCPdots@CTe significantly improved the outcome of breast tumor treatment with minimal side effects. Notably, we found that this combined therapy with multi-platform immune stimulation enhanced the anticancer effect. Together, this multifunctional nanoplatform offers a powerful versatile strategy for breast cancer treatment.