液体活检在结直肠癌治疗中的应用:早期发现、最小残留疾病和优化治疗——临床证据和挑战。

IF 1 4区 医学 Q4 MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
Qi Liu, Xiaoyong Li, Tiejun Jin, Sibo Huo, Shuai Su, Nan Liu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

结直肠癌(CRC)是全球主要的健康负担,是癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一。尽管在筛查和治疗方面有所改进,但诸如晚期诊断、高复发率和治疗耐药性等挑战继续阻碍着最佳结果。液体活检是一种分析体液中肿瘤来源成分的微创技术,包括循环肿瘤DNA (ctDNA)、循环肿瘤细胞(CTCs)和细胞外囊泡(ev),它正在成为改变整个疾病连续体中CRC管理的有力工具。这篇综述提供了液体活检在结直肠癌中当前和新兴应用的全面概述。我们研究了它在早期检测中的作用,其中基于ctdna的敏感检测和表观遗传生物标志物已经证明了在无症状或早期阶段识别CRC的能力,有可能提高筛查的吸收和依从性。此外,我们探讨了液体活检如何能够动态监测治疗反应和克隆进化,促进及时识别耐药突变并支持个性化治疗调整。多组学整合、人工智能和超灵敏测序技术的创新也被认为是提高液体活检临床应用的关键进步。尽管取得了重大进展,但液体活检的广泛采用仍面临一些障碍,包括检测标准化、对低脱落肿瘤的敏感性、监管批准和成本效益。持续的研究、大型前瞻性试验的验证以及测试方案的统一对于克服这些挑战至关重要。最终,液体活检有可能成为CRC精确肿瘤学的基石,实现早期干预,更有针对性的治疗策略,并改善患者预后。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Liquid Biopsy in CRC Management: Early Detection, Minimal Residual Disease, and Therapy Optimization—Clinical Evidence and Challenges

Liquid Biopsy in CRC Management: Early Detection, Minimal Residual Disease, and Therapy Optimization—Clinical Evidence and Challenges

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health burden, ranking among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Despite improvements in screening and treatment, challenges such as late-stage diagnosis, high recurrence rates, and therapy resistance continue to impede optimal outcomes. Liquid biopsy, a minimally invasive technique that analyzes tumor-derived components in bodily fluids—including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs)—is emerging as a powerful tool to transform CRC management across the disease continuum. This review provides a comprehensive overview of liquid biopsy's current and emerging applications in CRC. We examine its role in early detection, where sensitive ctDNA-based assays and epigenetic biomarkers have demonstrated the ability to identify CRC at asymptomatic or early stages, potentially improving screening uptake and compliance. Furthermore, we explore how liquid biopsy enables dynamic monitoring of treatment response and clonal evolution, facilitating the timely identification of resistance mutations and supporting personalized therapy adjustments. Innovations in multi-omics integration, artificial intelligence, and ultra-sensitive sequencing technologies are also discussed as pivotal advancements that enhance the clinical utility of liquid biopsy. Despite significant progress, the widespread adoption of liquid biopsy faces several hurdles, including assay standardization, sensitivity for low-shedding tumors, regulatory approval, and cost-effectiveness. Continued research, validation in large prospective trials, and harmonization of testing protocols are essential to overcome these challenges. Ultimately, liquid biopsy holds the potential to become a cornerstone of precision oncology in CRC, enabling earlier intervention, more tailored treatment strategies, and improved patient outcomes.

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来源期刊
Diagnostic Cytopathology
Diagnostic Cytopathology 医学-病理学
CiteScore
2.60
自引率
7.70%
发文量
163
审稿时长
3-6 weeks
期刊介绍: Diagnostic Cytopathology is intended to provide a forum for the exchange of information in the field of cytopathology, with special emphasis on the practical, clinical aspects of the discipline. The editors invite original scientific articles, as well as special review articles, feature articles, and letters to the editor, from laboratory professionals engaged in the practice of cytopathology. Manuscripts are accepted for publication on the basis of scientific merit, practical significance, and suitability for publication in a journal dedicated to this discipline. Original articles can be considered only with the understanding that they have never been published before and that they have not been submitted for simultaneous review to another publication.
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