Evaluation of the protective effect of resveratrol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles on radiation- or doxorubicin-induced spermatogenic damage in mice

Radiation and doxorubicin (Dox) exert destructive effects on testicular tissue. Resveratrol, a natural antioxidant, may protect the spermatogenic system against the toxic effects of these agents. This study evaluated the protective and antioxidant properties of resveratrol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (RES-SLNs) against Dox- and radiation-induced testicular injury in mice. Following the synthesis of RES-SLNs and characterization of their physicochemical properties, 60 adult male mice were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 10 per group): control, RES-SLNs, Dox, radiation (Rad), RES-SLNs + Dox, and RES-SLNs + Rad. Five mice from each group underwent anesthesia and bilateral orchiectomy for determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. The remaining mice were sacrificed for histopathological evaluation of testicular tissue. Radiation and Dox administration significantly increased MDA levels, reduced SOD activity, and altered histological parameters. In contrast, intraperitoneal RES-SLN administration significantly lowered MDA levels, enhanced SOD activity, and mitigated morphological alterations induced by radiation or Dox. These findings indicate that RES-SLNs attenuate oxidative stress in the testes caused by radiation or Dox, thereby preventing severe structural damage.