Acceptability of LISTEN for adults with diabetes distress: A qualitative study using the theoretical framework of acceptability to explore a brief problem-solving therapy intervention guided by diabetes health professionals

Aims

To explore the acceptability to adults with diabetes of LISTEN (Low Intensity Mental Health Support via a Telehealth Enabled Network), a brief problem-solving intervention to reduce diabetes distress, facilitated by diabetes health professionals, and identify areas for refinement.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes experiencing diabetes distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes [PAID-20] score ≥ 25, or ≥2 on three or more items) who had participated in LISTEN. Data were analysed using deductive thematic analysis, applying the theoretical framework of acceptability.

Results

Participants reported that LISTEN was valuable, supporting them with the emotional side of their diabetes and equipping them with skills to address challenges experienced in managing their diabetes. They valued the diabetes-specific knowledge the health professional brought to the sessions. Key factors associated with their satisfaction with LISTEN were their positive rapport with the health professional and accountability. Telehealth delivery was acceptable due to its convenience and anonymity. They reported that participating in LISTEN required minimal effort. Most would be willing to pay a small fee to take part, though they believe that all people with diabetes should have equitable access to LISTEN. Minor areas for refinement include flexible delivery and clearly articulating the structured, stepwise nature of the programme in pre-program information.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that LISTEN, delivered by diabetes health professionals via telehealth, is acceptable to this sample of Australian adults experiencing elevated diabetes distress and provides evidence-based strategies to strengthen engagement, delivery and implementation of LISTEN.