减少啮齿动物传播的人畜共患病的威胁需要理解和利用三个关键支柱:疾病生态学、慈善和啮齿动物。

IF 21.6 1区 医学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Sagan Friant, Janine Mistrick, Angela D Luis, Christina Harden, David Simons, Elisabeth Fichet-Calvet, Rory Gibb, Natalia Grube, Heikki Henttonen, Natalie Imirizian, Lina Moses, George H Perry, David Redding, Nils Chr Stenseth, Kurt Vandegrift, Ottar N Bjornstad, Andy Dobson, James O Lloyd-Smith, Peter J Hudson
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引用次数: 0

摘要

啮齿动物与人类共存了几个世纪,并经常交换病原体。从历史上看,啮齿动物引起的鼠疫爆发横扫旧大陆,导致大量人类死亡。虽然几个世纪以来没有发生过这种大流行病,但啮齿动物传播的感染,如全球出现的麻疹,仍然构成严重威胁。此外,在低收入和中等收入国家,地方性和新出现的啮齿动物感染继续造成大量人类发病率和死亡率。医学界控制啮齿动物传播的人畜共患病的努力主要集中在使用生物医学干预措施(如接种疫苗)治疗或预防人类症状。这些办法是针对准备和反应的,但对预防是不够的。在本个人观点中,我们确定了驱动啮齿动物传播的人畜共患病溢出的三个关键支柱:啮齿动物感染的生态学;啮齿类动物利用人类住所(合栖);以及人类对景观中啮齿动物生态繁殖的影响(啮齿动物)。挑战在于利用这些支柱作为干预措施的切入点,防止溢出效应并减轻疾病负担。鉴于啮齿动物扑杀存在的缺陷,我们主张采取基于社会和生态的综合对策,运用系统思维,并利用新兴技术来防止人类与啮齿动物持续互动和全球变化带来的溢出效应。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Reducing the threats of rodent-borne zoonoses requires an understanding and leveraging of three key pillars: disease ecology, synanthropy, and rodentation.

Rodents have co-existed with humans for centuries, and frequently exchange pathogens. Historically, rodent-driven plague outbreaks scoured the Old World, resulting in substantial human mortality. Although such pandemics have not occurred for centuries, serious threats from rodent-borne infections, such as the global emergence of mpox, still exist. Moreover, endemic and emerging rodent infections continue to cause substantial human morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries. Efforts by the medical community to control rodent-borne zoonoses primarily focus on treating or preventing symptoms in humans using biomedical interventions (eg, vaccination). Such approaches are geared towards preparedness and response but are insufficient for prevention. In this Personal View, we identify three key pillars that drive rodent-borne zoonotic spillover: ecology of rodent infections; use of human habitation by rodents (synanthropy); and the influence of humans on the ecological proliferation of rodents in our landscape (rodentation). The challenge is to leverage these pillars as entry points for interventions, to prevent spillover and reduce disease burden. Given shortcomings of rodent culling, we advocate for integrated countermeasures that are socially and ecologically grounded, apply systems thinking, and leverage emerging technologies to prevent spillover driven by persistent human-rodent interactions and global change.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
28.40
自引率
2.30%
发文量
272
审稿时长
8 weeks
期刊介绍: The Lancet Planetary Health is a gold Open Access journal dedicated to investigating and addressing the multifaceted determinants of healthy human civilizations and their impact on natural systems. Positioned as a key player in sustainable development, the journal covers a broad, interdisciplinary scope, encompassing areas such as poverty, nutrition, gender equity, water and sanitation, energy, economic growth, industrialization, inequality, urbanization, human consumption and production, climate change, ocean health, land use, peace, and justice. With a commitment to publishing high-quality research, comment, and correspondence, it aims to be the leading journal for sustainable development in the face of unprecedented dangers and threats.
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