[Nasal glial heterotopia in children: a review of the literature and a series of our own observations].

Nasal glial heterotopia (nasal glioma) is a rare congenital benign accumulation of glial tissue displaced into the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.

Objective: To analyze our own clinical cases of nasal glioma (features of the clinic, diagnosis and treatment) and compare them with data from foreign literature.

Material and methods: A retrospective review of medical histories with a diagnosis of nasal glial heterotopia was conducted from 2017 to November 2023 at the pediatric otorhinolaryngological department of the National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology. Complaints, anamnesis data, the results of radiation diagnosis and the effectiveness of the treatment were analyzed.

Result: Over the past 6 years, 7 patients with a diagnosis of nasal glial heterotopia have been treated in the Department of Pediatric otorhinolaryngology, the average age is 3 years and 8 months ± 3 years and 3 months. Nasal glioma was most often located subcutaneously in 1 patient (14,%), mixed in 1 patient (14.5%), intranasally in 5 patients (71%), in the middle line in 2 patients (14.5%), on the right in 2 patients (28.6%), on the left in 3 patients (42.8%). All patients underwent surgical treatment. External access was used in 1 patient (14.5%), endonasal access was used in 5 patients (71%), and combined access was used in 1 patient (14.5%). Relapses after surgical treatment were not observed in any of the patients from 6 months to 5 years (on average 3 years).

Conclusion: Nasal glial heterotopia is a rare congenital pathology. Preoperative examination of the patient is an important moment for determining the preliminary diagnosis, as well as choosing surgical access and for deciding whether to involve a neurosurgeon.