[家畜胸腺疾病:意义与诊断]。

IF 0.3 4区 农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES
Emilia Diel, Axel Wehrend
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引用次数: 0

摘要

与人类医学相反,胸腺疾病作为鉴别诊断在兽医学中很少受到重视。这篇综述的目的是提供关于胸腺的地形解剖、生理发育、胸腺的退化、功能和疾病以及各种家养哺乳动物胸腺疾病的诊断方面的最新知识。因此,对这方面的文献进行了检索和总结。不同物种的解剖程度和发育/进化过程存在显著差异。胸腺在性成熟初期达到最大尺寸,而在成年动物中胸腺基本不存在或仅以残余形式存在。狗和山羊是一个例外,因为在成年人身上也可以发现功能性胸腺组织。成像通常是困难的,这取决于动物的大小和器官的位置。由于胸腺疾病的视觉效果不佳,临床症状大多不明确,因此对胸腺疾病的诊断提出了挑战。胸腺的大小和结构可能会因压力或疾病而改变。这可能导致免疫功能受损,进而导致传染病。胸腺肿瘤在家养哺乳动物中已被广泛描述。大多数报告是在狗和山羊身上发现的。临床体征通常出现在肿瘤因其大小而占位或因出现副肿瘤综合征而变得明显时。这些症状可能包括重症肌无力。超过50%患有胸腺瘤的狗会发展成副肿瘤综合征。随着现代成像技术的发展,胸腺的评估在未来可能会变得更简单,并可能被证明对评估幼龄动物的健康状况有用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
[Diseases of the Thymus in domestic mammals: Significance and diagnosis].

In contrast to human medicine, thymic disorders receive little attention as differential diagnoses in veterinary medicine. The aim of this overview is to provide information on the current state of knowledge concerning the topographical anatomy, physiological development, and involution, function, and diseases of the thymus as well as the diagnosis of thymic disorders in various domestic mammals. Therefore, literature on this topic was searched and summarized. The anatomical extent and developmental/involutionary processes differ significantly from species to species. The thymus reaches its maximum size at the beginning of sexual maturity whereas it is largely absent or persists in mere residual form in adult animals. Dogs and goats represent an exception, as functional thymus tissue may also be found in adults. Imaging is often difficult, depending on the size of the animal and the location of the organ. Due to the poor visualization and mostly unspecific clinical signs, disorders of the thymus pose a diagnostic challenge. The thymus may change in size and structure in response to stress or disease. This can lead to impaired immune function and subsequently to infectious diseases. Neoplasia of the thymus has been widely described in domestic mammals. Most reports are found for dogs and goats. Clinical signs usually appear when the tumor becomes space-occupying due to its size or they become apparent in consequence to the occurrence of paraneoplastic syndromes. These may for example include myasthenia gravis. More than 50% of dogs with a thymoma develop a paraneoplastic syndrome. With the availability of modern imaging, assessing the thymus may in future become simpler and may prove useful in evaluating the health status of young animals.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
82
期刊介绍: Die Tierärztliche Praxis wendet sich mit ihren beiden Reihen als einzige veterinärmedizinische Fachzeitschrift explizit an den Großtier- bzw. Kleintierpraktiker und garantiert damit eine zielgruppengenaue Ansprache. Für den Spezialisten bietet sie Original- oder Übersichtsartikel zu neuen Therapie- und Operationsverfahren oder den Einsatz moderner bildgebender Verfahren. Der weniger spezialisierte Tierarzt oder Berufseinsteiger findet auf seinen Berufsalltag zugeschnittene praxisbezogene Beiträge in der Fortbildungsrubrik „Aus Studium und Praxis“. Mit dem hervorgehobenen „Fazit für die Praxis“ am Ende jedes Artikels verschafft sich auch der eilige Leser einen raschen Überblick über die wichtigsten Inhalte dieser modern konzipierten Fachzeitschrift mit den vielen hochwertigen, überwiegend farbigen Abbildungen. In jedem Heft ermöglicht ein ATF-anerkannter Fortbildungsartikel den Erwerb einer ATF-Stunde (Akademie für tierärztliche Fortbildung).
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