Emerging dual role of ferroptosis in lung cancer (Review).

Lung cancer (LC) is the second most frequently diagnosed malignancy worldwide and has the highest mortality rate among all types of cancer. Despite advancements in treatment strategies, the overall survival rate for affected individuals remains low. Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death characterized by iron‑dependent lipid peroxidation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species, serves a role in LC. The present review aimed to explore the dual role of ferroptosis in LC, examining both its pathological and therapeutic implications. Ferroptosis contributes to tumor progression, modulates the immune microenvironment and influences treatment resistance. Conversely, it also enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy, increases radiosensitivity and decreases chemotherapy resistance. The present study aimed to summarize the potential of ferroptosis‑based strategies, including the use of nanomaterials and combination therapy, to inform future research and therapeutic approaches.