卧推力量和力量的性别差异:基于身体成分调整的速度分析。

IF 2.5 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES
Olga López-Torres, Raúl Nieto-Acevedo, Amelia Guadalupe-Grau, Valentín Emilio Fernández Elías
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:阻力训练(RT)促进男性和女性肌肉肥大和力量增加。然而,神经肌肉性能、肌纤维成分和激素环境的性别差异影响力量和力量适应。虽然男性通常表现出更大的绝对和相对力量,但目前尚不清楚这些差异在不同负荷强度下的持续程度。更好地了解不同性别的力量和力量特征可能有助于优化训练策略。本研究的目的是比较体力活跃的男性和女性在卧推运动中的力量和力量表现,相对于身体质量和无脂质量(FFM)。方法:29名身体活跃的个体(16名男性:21.3±4.1岁,13名女性:22.6±4.9岁)使用Smith机器在45%、55%、65%、75%和85%的1RM下进行了一次重复最大(1RM)测试和基于增量速度的评估。通过线性传感器测量杠铃速度,记录每个负载的平均推进速度(MPV)。对动力相关变量(如峰值力[F0]、最大速度[V0]、最大功率[Pmax])进行分析。为了解释身体成分的差异,根据体重和FFM对数据进行了调整。结果:当调整体重和无脂质量(FFM)时,男性在大多数负荷中表现出比女性更大的力量和力量(p < 0.05)。当归一化到FFM时,这些差异特别明显(45-75%1RM; p = 0.001-0.031),观察到很大的效应(ηp2 = 0.185-0.383)。值得注意的是,在85%1RM时,平均推进速度(MPV)的性别差异消失了(p = 0.208; ηp2 = 0.06),这表明在高强度时,最大神经肌肉募集可能会使性别差异最小化。此外,男性在7个功率相关变量中的6个中表现出显著更高的值,而在达到最佳功率输出所需的%1RM方面没有显著差异。结论:这些发现证实,即使在调整了身体成分之后,男性也比女性表现出更大的力量和力量。然而,在高相对负荷(≥85%1RM)下,运动速度的性别差异似乎减少了,这可能是由于高阈值运动单元的招募模式相似。这些结果强调了针对性别的阻力训练计划的重要性,特别是在负荷处方和基于速度的训练方法的应用方面。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Sex Differences in Bench Press Strength and Power: A Velocity-Based Analysis Adjusted for Body Composition.

Background: Resistance training (RT) promotes muscle hypertrophy and strength gains in both men and women. However, sex differences in neuromuscular performance, muscle fiber composition, and the hormonal environment influence strength and power adaptations. While men generally exhibit greater absolute and relative strength, it remains unclear to what extent these differences persist across various load intensities. A better understanding of sex-specific strength and power profiles may help optimize training strategies. The aim of this study was to compare strength and power performance during the bench press exercise in physically active males and females, relative to body mass and fat-free mass (FFM). Methods: Twenty-nine physically active individuals (16 men: 21.3 ± 4.1 years, 13 women: 22.6 ± 4.9 years) performed a one-repetition maximum (1RM) test and an incremental velocity-based assessment at 45%, 55%, 65%, 75%, and 85% of the 1RM using a Smith machine. The barbell velocity was measured via a linear transducer, with the mean propulsive velocity (MPV) recorded for each load. Power-related variables (e.g., peak force [F0], maximal velocity [V0], and maximal power [Pmax]) were analyzed. To account for differences in body composition, data were adjusted for body mass and FFM. Results: Men exhibited significantly greater strength and power than women across most loads when adjusted for both body mass and fat-free mass (FFM) (p < 0.05). These differences were particularly pronounced when normalized to FFM (45-75%1RM; p = 0.001-0.031), with large effect sizes observed (ηp2 = 0.185-0.383). Notably, sex differences in mean propulsive velocity (MPV) disappeared at 85%1RM (p = 0.208; ηp2 = 0.06), suggesting that maximal neuromuscular recruitment may minimize sex-related disparities at higher intensities. Furthermore, men demonstrated significantly higher values in six of the seven power-related variables, with no significant differences in the %1RM required to achieve an optimal power output. Conclusions: These findings confirm that men exhibit greater strength and power than women, even after adjusting for body composition. However, at high relative loads (≥85%1RM), sex differences in movement velocity appear to diminish, likely due to similar recruitment patterns of high-threshold motor units. These results highlight the importance of sex-specific resistance training programs, particularly in relation to load prescription and the application of velocity-based training methods.

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来源期刊
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology Health Professions-Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
94
审稿时长
12 weeks
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