Haosu Ci, BingCheng Xin, Andrew W Hubbard, Evan Hamilton, Chaz Ainsworth, Enrique R Bursian, Yuting Zhang, Yanhui Zhang, Brian R Morrow, Misako Nakashima, George J-T Huang
{"title":"激光与纳米气泡联合消毒牙髓的研究。","authors":"Haosu Ci, BingCheng Xin, Andrew W Hubbard, Evan Hamilton, Chaz Ainsworth, Enrique R Bursian, Yuting Zhang, Yanhui Zhang, Brian R Morrow, Misako Nakashima, George J-T Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.08.016","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To investigate the combined use of laser, nanobubble water (NB-H<sub>2</sub>O), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>) for endodontic disinfection, particularly in regenerative endodontic cases where maximum effectiveness is needed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Canal of human teeth were prepared, sterilized and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Teeth were assigned to 4 groups for two rounds of disinfection with Er,Cr: YSGG laser (Biolase). Group I - control, no disinfection, Group II - 6.25% NaOCl, Group III - 1.25% NaOCl, and Group IV - 1.25% NaOCl/NB-H<sub>2</sub>O. Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> was placed in the canal for ∼10 days between the two disinfection rounds. Teeth were evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for biofilm removal and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) to detect live/dead bacteria in the dentinal tubules.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SEM analysis of the canal disinfection indicated that the NB-H<sub>2</sub>O group (1.25% NaOCl/NB-H<sub>2</sub>O) appeared to enhance the removal of biofilm/smear layer. However, it was not consistently more effective than other groups in killing the bacteria in the dentinal tubules. The combined use of low-concentration NaOCl, laser, NB-H<sub>2</sub>O and Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> largely reduced E. faecalis but did not achieve complete eradication from the canal or in the dentinal tubules.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our comprehensive disinfection protocol reduced the bacteria in the dentinal tubules to a level potentially suited for regenerative endodontic therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Investigation of Endodontic Disinfection by Combination of Laser and Nanobubble Technology.\",\"authors\":\"Haosu Ci, BingCheng Xin, Andrew W Hubbard, Evan Hamilton, Chaz Ainsworth, Enrique R Bursian, Yuting Zhang, Yanhui Zhang, Brian R Morrow, Misako Nakashima, George J-T Huang\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.joen.2025.08.016\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To investigate the combined use of laser, nanobubble water (NB-H<sub>2</sub>O), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>) for endodontic disinfection, particularly in regenerative endodontic cases where maximum effectiveness is needed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Canal of human teeth were prepared, sterilized and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Teeth were assigned to 4 groups for two rounds of disinfection with Er,Cr: YSGG laser (Biolase). Group I - control, no disinfection, Group II - 6.25% NaOCl, Group III - 1.25% NaOCl, and Group IV - 1.25% NaOCl/NB-H<sub>2</sub>O. Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> was placed in the canal for ∼10 days between the two disinfection rounds. Teeth were evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for biofilm removal and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) to detect live/dead bacteria in the dentinal tubules.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SEM analysis of the canal disinfection indicated that the NB-H<sub>2</sub>O group (1.25% NaOCl/NB-H<sub>2</sub>O) appeared to enhance the removal of biofilm/smear layer. However, it was not consistently more effective than other groups in killing the bacteria in the dentinal tubules. The combined use of low-concentration NaOCl, laser, NB-H<sub>2</sub>O and Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> largely reduced E. faecalis but did not achieve complete eradication from the canal or in the dentinal tubules.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our comprehensive disinfection protocol reduced the bacteria in the dentinal tubules to a level potentially suited for regenerative endodontic therapy.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":15703,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of endodontics\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-08-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of endodontics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2025.08.016\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of endodontics","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2025.08.016","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
Investigation of Endodontic Disinfection by Combination of Laser and Nanobubble Technology.
Introduction: To investigate the combined use of laser, nanobubble water (NB-H2O), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) for endodontic disinfection, particularly in regenerative endodontic cases where maximum effectiveness is needed.
Methods: Canal of human teeth were prepared, sterilized and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Teeth were assigned to 4 groups for two rounds of disinfection with Er,Cr: YSGG laser (Biolase). Group I - control, no disinfection, Group II - 6.25% NaOCl, Group III - 1.25% NaOCl, and Group IV - 1.25% NaOCl/NB-H2O. Ca(OH)2 was placed in the canal for ∼10 days between the two disinfection rounds. Teeth were evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for biofilm removal and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) to detect live/dead bacteria in the dentinal tubules.
Results: SEM analysis of the canal disinfection indicated that the NB-H2O group (1.25% NaOCl/NB-H2O) appeared to enhance the removal of biofilm/smear layer. However, it was not consistently more effective than other groups in killing the bacteria in the dentinal tubules. The combined use of low-concentration NaOCl, laser, NB-H2O and Ca(OH)2 largely reduced E. faecalis but did not achieve complete eradication from the canal or in the dentinal tubules.
Conclusion: Our comprehensive disinfection protocol reduced the bacteria in the dentinal tubules to a level potentially suited for regenerative endodontic therapy.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Endodontics, the official journal of the American Association of Endodontists, publishes scientific articles, case reports and comparison studies evaluating materials and methods of pulp conservation and endodontic treatment. Endodontists and general dentists can learn about new concepts in root canal treatment and the latest advances in techniques and instrumentation in the one journal that helps them keep pace with rapid changes in this field.
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