Study on the Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Zinc Metabolism and FOXO3a Expression in the Preeclampsia Maternal-Fetal System.

Purpose: To detect the levels of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in maternal blood, umbilical blood, and placenta of preeclampsia (PE) patients, elucidating their relationship with FOXO3a transcription factors and oxidative stress.

Patients and methods: A total of 100 pregnant women admitted for childbirth at the obstetrics department of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from September 2023 to September 2024 were included (normal group: 40 cases, PE group: 60 cases). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to measure Cd and Zn levels in maternal blood, umbilical cord blood, and placental tissues. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to detect Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) levels. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 software and RStudio to compare differences and correlations among groups. Perform post hoc statistical efficacy analysis on sample size using G*Power software.

Results: Compared with the normal group, placental Cd levels were significantly higher in the PE group (P<0.05) and the maternal blood and placental Zn levels were significantly lower in the PE group (P<0.05). In the PE group, the levels of Zn and Cd in maternal blood and placenta were positively correlated (r=0.50, P<0.001; r=0.567, P<0.001). Placental FOXO3a levels were significantly elevated in the PE group (P<0.001), while maternal and umbilical cord blood FOXO3a levels were reduced (P<0.001). The levels of FOXO3a in the placenta were negatively correlated with the levels of Zn (r=-0.277, P<0.05), and the levels of FOXO3a in umbilical cord blood were negatively correlated with the levels of Cd (r=-0.326, P<0.05).

Conclusion: The exposure and accumulation of Cd in the maternal-fetal system can affect the transport and metabolism of Zn in placenta, leading to increased expression of FOXO3a under oxidative stress, causing the occurrence and development of PE.