Salih A Hama, Dunya H Bapir, Hawbash M Rahim, Gasha S Ahmed
{"title":"伊拉克人口中与交通有关的空气污染的免疫影响；前瞻性横断面研究。","authors":"Salih A Hama, Dunya H Bapir, Hawbash M Rahim, Gasha S Ahmed","doi":"10.1080/08958378.2025.2549544","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Iraqi automobiles use some of the poorest quality fuel in the world, characterized by extremely high sulfur content. In this study, we aim to investigate the immunological impact of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on individuals residing in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective cross-sectional study (June 2021 and January 2022) assessed the immunological profile of 77 male participants in Sulaymaniyah Governorate who were grouped based on predefined exposure zones; High TRAP Group (<i>n</i> = 46) from urban areas with high exposure to TRAP and Low TRAP Group (<i>n</i> = 31) from rural areas with low exposure. An Aeroqual Series 500 monitor was used to estimate 24-hour arithmetic mean concentrations of PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10 in the two exposure zones.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Age distribution was comparable between the groups. Participants of High TRAP Group had significantly lower total lymphocyte counts (1.09 ± 0.36 vs. 1.90 ± 0.41, <i>p <</i> 0.001), T-cell (601.41 ± 60.02 vs. 799.80 ± 56.04; <i>p <</i> 0.001), B-cell levels (113.05 ± 48.23 vs. 230.68 ± 57.90; <i>p <</i> 0.001), IgG (11.94 ± 2.52 vs. 13.35 ± 2.77; <i>p =</i> 0.024), and IgM levels (0.96 ± 0.40 vs. 1.4 ± 0.66, <i>p <</i> 0.001) compared to Low TRAP Group. No significant differences were found in total WBC, granulocytes, or IgA levels <i>(p</i> > 0.05<i>)</i>. The presence of inflammatory diseases (mostly thyroiditis) was significantly more common among the individuals of High TRAP Group (13, 28.26% vs. 3, 9.68%; <i>p =</i> 0.048).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Individuals with high exposure to TRAP are associated with significant reductions in lymphocyte count, IgM and IgG levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":13561,"journal":{"name":"Inhalation Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"284-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The immunological impact of traffic-related air pollution in an Iraqi population; a prospective cross-sectional study.\",\"authors\":\"Salih A Hama, Dunya H Bapir, Hawbash M Rahim, Gasha S Ahmed\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/08958378.2025.2549544\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Iraqi automobiles use some of the poorest quality fuel in the world, characterized by extremely high sulfur content. In this study, we aim to investigate the immunological impact of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on individuals residing in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective cross-sectional study (June 2021 and January 2022) assessed the immunological profile of 77 male participants in Sulaymaniyah Governorate who were grouped based on predefined exposure zones; High TRAP Group (<i>n</i> = 46) from urban areas with high exposure to TRAP and Low TRAP Group (<i>n</i> = 31) from rural areas with low exposure. An Aeroqual Series 500 monitor was used to estimate 24-hour arithmetic mean concentrations of PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10 in the two exposure zones.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Age distribution was comparable between the groups. Participants of High TRAP Group had significantly lower total lymphocyte counts (1.09 ± 0.36 vs. 1.90 ± 0.41, <i>p <</i> 0.001), T-cell (601.41 ± 60.02 vs. 799.80 ± 56.04; <i>p <</i> 0.001), B-cell levels (113.05 ± 48.23 vs. 230.68 ± 57.90; <i>p <</i> 0.001), IgG (11.94 ± 2.52 vs. 13.35 ± 2.77; <i>p =</i> 0.024), and IgM levels (0.96 ± 0.40 vs. 1.4 ± 0.66, <i>p <</i> 0.001) compared to Low TRAP Group. No significant differences were found in total WBC, granulocytes, or IgA levels <i>(p</i> > 0.05<i>)</i>. The presence of inflammatory diseases (mostly thyroiditis) was significantly more common among the individuals of High TRAP Group (13, 28.26% vs. 3, 9.68%; <i>p =</i> 0.048).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Individuals with high exposure to TRAP are associated with significant reductions in lymphocyte count, IgM and IgG levels.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":13561,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Inhalation Toxicology\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"284-292\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Inhalation Toxicology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2025.2549544\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/8/25 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"TOXICOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Inhalation Toxicology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2025.2549544","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/8/25 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"TOXICOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
The immunological impact of traffic-related air pollution in an Iraqi population; a prospective cross-sectional study.
Objective: Iraqi automobiles use some of the poorest quality fuel in the world, characterized by extremely high sulfur content. In this study, we aim to investigate the immunological impact of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on individuals residing in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
Materials and methods: This prospective cross-sectional study (June 2021 and January 2022) assessed the immunological profile of 77 male participants in Sulaymaniyah Governorate who were grouped based on predefined exposure zones; High TRAP Group (n = 46) from urban areas with high exposure to TRAP and Low TRAP Group (n = 31) from rural areas with low exposure. An Aeroqual Series 500 monitor was used to estimate 24-hour arithmetic mean concentrations of PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10 in the two exposure zones.
Results and discussion: Age distribution was comparable between the groups. Participants of High TRAP Group had significantly lower total lymphocyte counts (1.09 ± 0.36 vs. 1.90 ± 0.41, p < 0.001), T-cell (601.41 ± 60.02 vs. 799.80 ± 56.04; p < 0.001), B-cell levels (113.05 ± 48.23 vs. 230.68 ± 57.90; p < 0.001), IgG (11.94 ± 2.52 vs. 13.35 ± 2.77; p = 0.024), and IgM levels (0.96 ± 0.40 vs. 1.4 ± 0.66, p < 0.001) compared to Low TRAP Group. No significant differences were found in total WBC, granulocytes, or IgA levels (p > 0.05). The presence of inflammatory diseases (mostly thyroiditis) was significantly more common among the individuals of High TRAP Group (13, 28.26% vs. 3, 9.68%; p = 0.048).
Conclusion: Individuals with high exposure to TRAP are associated with significant reductions in lymphocyte count, IgM and IgG levels.
期刊介绍：
Inhalation Toxicology is a peer-reviewed publication providing a key forum for the latest accomplishments and advancements in concepts, approaches, and procedures presently being used to evaluate the health risk associated with airborne chemicals.
The journal publishes original research, reviews, symposia, and workshop topics involving the respiratory system’s functions in health and disease, the pathogenesis and mechanism of injury, the extrapolation of animal data to humans, the effects of inhaled substances on extra-pulmonary systems, as well as reliable and innovative models for predicting human disease.
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