Immunomodulatory Effects of Molecular Hydrogen Therapy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Pericarditis and Pleuritis: A Case Report.

Background/aim: Pericarditis is a common cardiovascular complication associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Oxidative stress plays a significant role in disease pathology. Molecular hydrogen has emerged as a promising therapeutic option with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. While prior studies have demonstrated its cardioprotective effects, research on its immunomodulatory potential in autoimmune diseases remains limited; therefore, this article presents a case study with SLE experiencing pericarditis and pleuritis, receiving hydrogen therapy in October 2024 as part of an effort to evaluate its potential in modulating immune responses and alleviating disease symptoms.

Case report: This is the case of a 49-year-old Taiwanese female diagnosed with SLE, alongside pericarditis, pleuritis, and multi-organ impairments. Despite initial treatment and intermittent follow-ups, the patient experienced recurrent disease exacerbations, which was managed with immunomodulatory therapies. In October 2024, molecular hydrogen supplementation was introduced as an adjuvant therapy. Immunophenotypic analysis revealed dynamic changes in the percentages of immune cells, with decreasing trend of Tr1 cells and increasing trend of naïve Treg cells, B cell subsets expressing Fas, and transitional B cells following molecular hydrogen therapy.

Conclusion: Molecular hydrogen therapy had potential to modulate immune markers in this case study. Further investigation into its clinical efficacy and safety is necessary for the development of treatment guidelines.