Michael Benno Schmidt, Sebastian Hahnel, Angelika Rauch, Martin Rosentritt
{"title":"表面处理对3d打印冠和桥材料的粗糙度、断裂力、抗弯强度和动态载荷的影响。","authors":"Michael Benno Schmidt, Sebastian Hahnel, Angelika Rauch, Martin Rosentritt","doi":"10.1007/s00784-025-06518-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate how surface treatment affects fracture force, flexural strength, and dynamic loading cycles until failure of 3D-printed restorations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Specimens (7 groups; n = 8 per group) were 3D-printed from an acrylate-based crown and bridge material. After cleaning and post-polymerization, specimens were treated with either silicon carbide paper (1000 grit; 1000/4000 grit) or blasting (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>; 1 bar/125 µm; 2 bar/125 µm; 1 bar/250 µm) to simulate laboratory treatment. Surface roughness (Arithmetic mean Sa/maximum roughness height Sz; ISO 25178-2); fracture force (FF) and biaxial flexural strength (BFS; ISO 6872) were determined. The number of dynamic load cycles (LC) to failure was determined under cyclic loading in a BFS staircase approach.</p><p><strong>Statistics: </strong>ANOVA, Bonferroni-test, Kaplan-Meier survival, Pearson correlation; α = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BFS ranged between 94.4 MPa and 199.9 MPa, FF between 260.6 N and 428.6 N and Sa/Sz between 0.0/1.0 μm and 1.8/18.4 μm. BFS, FF and Sa/Sz showed significant differences between the treatments (p < 0.001) and individual groups (p ≤ 0.013). Mean LC ranged between 204,364 and 267,637 cycles. ANOVA comparisons (p = 0.706) and Log Rank test (Chi<sup>2</sup>: 10,835; p = 0.094; Fig. 2) revealed no significant differences between the loading cycles. Surface treatment with either silicon carbide papers or blasting protocols had a significant influence on FF, BFS, Sa, and Sz, but not on LC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surface treatment affected the fracture force and biaxial fracture strength of a 3D-printed crown. It showed no influence on the long-term dynamic behavior.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Smooth surfaces improve the stability of a restoration fabricated from 3D-printing resins. Extensive surface roughness treatment before cementation can reduce the stability of a crown.</p>","PeriodicalId":10461,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Investigations","volume":"29 9","pages":"426"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12398470/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Influence of surface treatment on roughness, fracture force, flexural strength, and dynamic loading of a 3D-printed crown and bridge material.\",\"authors\":\"Michael Benno Schmidt, Sebastian Hahnel, Angelika Rauch, Martin Rosentritt\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s00784-025-06518-8\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate how surface treatment affects fracture force, flexural strength, and dynamic loading cycles until failure of 3D-printed restorations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Specimens (7 groups; n = 8 per group) were 3D-printed from an acrylate-based crown and bridge material. After cleaning and post-polymerization, specimens were treated with either silicon carbide paper (1000 grit; 1000/4000 grit) or blasting (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>; 1 bar/125 µm; 2 bar/125 µm; 1 bar/250 µm) to simulate laboratory treatment. Surface roughness (Arithmetic mean Sa/maximum roughness height Sz; ISO 25178-2); fracture force (FF) and biaxial flexural strength (BFS; ISO 6872) were determined. The number of dynamic load cycles (LC) to failure was determined under cyclic loading in a BFS staircase approach.</p><p><strong>Statistics: </strong>ANOVA, Bonferroni-test, Kaplan-Meier survival, Pearson correlation; α = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BFS ranged between 94.4 MPa and 199.9 MPa, FF between 260.6 N and 428.6 N and Sa/Sz between 0.0/1.0 μm and 1.8/18.4 μm. BFS, FF and Sa/Sz showed significant differences between the treatments (p < 0.001) and individual groups (p ≤ 0.013). Mean LC ranged between 204,364 and 267,637 cycles. ANOVA comparisons (p = 0.706) and Log Rank test (Chi<sup>2</sup>: 10,835; p = 0.094; Fig. 2) revealed no significant differences between the loading cycles. Surface treatment with either silicon carbide papers or blasting protocols had a significant influence on FF, BFS, Sa, and Sz, but not on LC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surface treatment affected the fracture force and biaxial fracture strength of a 3D-printed crown. It showed no influence on the long-term dynamic behavior.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Smooth surfaces improve the stability of a restoration fabricated from 3D-printing resins. 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Influence of surface treatment on roughness, fracture force, flexural strength, and dynamic loading of a 3D-printed crown and bridge material.
Objectives: To investigate how surface treatment affects fracture force, flexural strength, and dynamic loading cycles until failure of 3D-printed restorations.
Materials and methods: Specimens (7 groups; n = 8 per group) were 3D-printed from an acrylate-based crown and bridge material. After cleaning and post-polymerization, specimens were treated with either silicon carbide paper (1000 grit; 1000/4000 grit) or blasting (Al2O3; 1 bar/125 µm; 2 bar/125 µm; 1 bar/250 µm) to simulate laboratory treatment. Surface roughness (Arithmetic mean Sa/maximum roughness height Sz; ISO 25178-2); fracture force (FF) and biaxial flexural strength (BFS; ISO 6872) were determined. The number of dynamic load cycles (LC) to failure was determined under cyclic loading in a BFS staircase approach.
Results: BFS ranged between 94.4 MPa and 199.9 MPa, FF between 260.6 N and 428.6 N and Sa/Sz between 0.0/1.0 μm and 1.8/18.4 μm. BFS, FF and Sa/Sz showed significant differences between the treatments (p < 0.001) and individual groups (p ≤ 0.013). Mean LC ranged between 204,364 and 267,637 cycles. ANOVA comparisons (p = 0.706) and Log Rank test (Chi2: 10,835; p = 0.094; Fig. 2) revealed no significant differences between the loading cycles. Surface treatment with either silicon carbide papers or blasting protocols had a significant influence on FF, BFS, Sa, and Sz, but not on LC.
Conclusions: Surface treatment affected the fracture force and biaxial fracture strength of a 3D-printed crown. It showed no influence on the long-term dynamic behavior.
Clinical relevance: Smooth surfaces improve the stability of a restoration fabricated from 3D-printing resins. Extensive surface roughness treatment before cementation can reduce the stability of a crown.
期刊介绍：
The journal Clinical Oral Investigations is a multidisciplinary, international forum for publication of research from all fields of oral medicine. The journal publishes original scientific articles and invited reviews which provide up-to-date results of basic and clinical studies in oral and maxillofacial science and medicine. The aim is to clarify the relevance of new results to modern practice, for an international readership. Coverage includes maxillofacial and oral surgery, prosthetics and restorative dentistry, operative dentistry, endodontics, periodontology, orthodontics, dental materials science, clinical trials, epidemiology, pedodontics, oral implant, preventive dentistiry, oral pathology, oral basic sciences and more.
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