{"title":"多发性骨髓瘤髓外受累的治疗选择。","authors":"Junmei Zhao, Yushan Cui, Baijun Fang","doi":"10.1007/s10238-025-01821-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extramedullary involvement (extramedullary disease, EMD) is an aggressive subtype of multiple myeloma (MM) characterized by myeloma subclones proliferating independently of the bone marrow microenvironment, often associated with high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities, immune evasion, and treatment resistance. While significant breakthroughs have been achieved in MM treatment with the sequential approval of proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, prognosis remains poor once EMD develops. Even in the era of immunotherapy, the survival benefit for EMD patients has not shown significant improvement. This review systematically summarizes therapeutic options for MM patients with EMD, aiming to provide evidence-based guidance for EMD treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10337,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"301"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12374916/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Therapeutic options for extramedullary involvement in multiple myeloma.\",\"authors\":\"Junmei Zhao, Yushan Cui, Baijun Fang\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10238-025-01821-w\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Extramedullary involvement (extramedullary disease, EMD) is an aggressive subtype of multiple myeloma (MM) characterized by myeloma subclones proliferating independently of the bone marrow microenvironment, often associated with high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities, immune evasion, and treatment resistance. While significant breakthroughs have been achieved in MM treatment with the sequential approval of proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, prognosis remains poor once EMD develops. Even in the era of immunotherapy, the survival benefit for EMD patients has not shown significant improvement. This review systematically summarizes therapeutic options for MM patients with EMD, aiming to provide evidence-based guidance for EMD treatment.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":10337,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Clinical and Experimental Medicine\",\"volume\":\"25 1\",\"pages\":\"301\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-08-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12374916/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Clinical and Experimental Medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01821-w\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01821-w","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Therapeutic options for extramedullary involvement in multiple myeloma.
Extramedullary involvement (extramedullary disease, EMD) is an aggressive subtype of multiple myeloma (MM) characterized by myeloma subclones proliferating independently of the bone marrow microenvironment, often associated with high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities, immune evasion, and treatment resistance. While significant breakthroughs have been achieved in MM treatment with the sequential approval of proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, prognosis remains poor once EMD develops. Even in the era of immunotherapy, the survival benefit for EMD patients has not shown significant improvement. This review systematically summarizes therapeutic options for MM patients with EMD, aiming to provide evidence-based guidance for EMD treatment.
期刊介绍：
Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM) is a multidisciplinary journal that aims to be a forum of scientific excellence and information exchange in relation to the basic and clinical features of the following fields: hematology, onco-hematology, oncology, virology, immunology, and rheumatology. The journal publishes reviews and editorials, experimental and preclinical studies, translational research, prospectively designed clinical trials, and epidemiological studies. Papers containing new clinical or experimental data that are likely to contribute to changes in clinical practice or the way in which a disease is thought about will be given priority due to their immediate importance. Case reports will be accepted on an exceptional basis only, and their submission is discouraged. The major criteria for publication are clarity, scientific soundness, and advances in knowledge. In compliance with the overwhelmingly prevailing request by the international scientific community, and with respect for eco-compatibility issues, CEM is now published exclusively online.
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