Mohammed Almakadi, Noura AlHashim, Murtadha Al-Khabori, Hazzaa Alzahrani, Hani Yousif Osman, Mervat Mattar, Ahmed Sabah
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A search of PubMed and EMBASE from inception to 31 May 2025 identified 15 relevant publications: five from Saudi Arabia, four from Iran, two from Kuwait, one each from Egypt, Oman, Lebanon, and one reporting a Middle Eastern patient treated in Germany. The estimated incidence rate of PNH in an Omani cohort was 1.9 per 5 million population. Mean and median ages at PNH diagnosis were 38 years (Iranian retrospective review, n = 81) and 22.5 years (Omani case series, n = 10), respectively. Where reported, anemia and fatigue were common presenting symptoms. Few publications reported on treatment with C5 inhibitors, although available data indicate that eculizumab generally improves patients' clinical condition. Uptake and clinical use of ravulizumab in the Middle East remains undocumented. Subject to limitations of the available data, the management approach to PNH in the Middle East appears to be generally consistent with that reported in other regions. However, additional data are required to gain greater insight into the status of PNH and its management in Middle Eastern populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10337,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12399696/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Clinical characteristics and management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in the Middle East: a narrative review.\",\"authors\":\"Mohammed Almakadi, Noura AlHashim, Murtadha Al-Khabori, Hazzaa Alzahrani, Hani Yousif Osman, Mervat Mattar, Ahmed Sabah\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10238-025-01834-5\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare hematological disorder caused by uncontrolled terminal complement activation of blood cells. It is associated with intravascular hemolysis, thromboembolic events, organ damage, impaired quality of life and premature mortality. As there are no PNH registry data from Middle Eastern countries, little is known about its management in the region. This narrative review summarizes available data on the prevalence, characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of PNH in Middle Eastern populations of Arabic origin. A search of PubMed and EMBASE from inception to 31 May 2025 identified 15 relevant publications: five from Saudi Arabia, four from Iran, two from Kuwait, one each from Egypt, Oman, Lebanon, and one reporting a Middle Eastern patient treated in Germany. The estimated incidence rate of PNH in an Omani cohort was 1.9 per 5 million population. Mean and median ages at PNH diagnosis were 38 years (Iranian retrospective review, n = 81) and 22.5 years (Omani case series, n = 10), respectively. Where reported, anemia and fatigue were common presenting symptoms. Few publications reported on treatment with C5 inhibitors, although available data indicate that eculizumab generally improves patients' clinical condition. Uptake and clinical use of ravulizumab in the Middle East remains undocumented. Subject to limitations of the available data, the management approach to PNH in the Middle East appears to be generally consistent with that reported in other regions. 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Clinical characteristics and management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in the Middle East: a narrative review.
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare hematological disorder caused by uncontrolled terminal complement activation of blood cells. It is associated with intravascular hemolysis, thromboembolic events, organ damage, impaired quality of life and premature mortality. As there are no PNH registry data from Middle Eastern countries, little is known about its management in the region. This narrative review summarizes available data on the prevalence, characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of PNH in Middle Eastern populations of Arabic origin. A search of PubMed and EMBASE from inception to 31 May 2025 identified 15 relevant publications: five from Saudi Arabia, four from Iran, two from Kuwait, one each from Egypt, Oman, Lebanon, and one reporting a Middle Eastern patient treated in Germany. The estimated incidence rate of PNH in an Omani cohort was 1.9 per 5 million population. Mean and median ages at PNH diagnosis were 38 years (Iranian retrospective review, n = 81) and 22.5 years (Omani case series, n = 10), respectively. Where reported, anemia and fatigue were common presenting symptoms. Few publications reported on treatment with C5 inhibitors, although available data indicate that eculizumab generally improves patients' clinical condition. Uptake and clinical use of ravulizumab in the Middle East remains undocumented. Subject to limitations of the available data, the management approach to PNH in the Middle East appears to be generally consistent with that reported in other regions. However, additional data are required to gain greater insight into the status of PNH and its management in Middle Eastern populations.
期刊介绍:
Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM) is a multidisciplinary journal that aims to be a forum of scientific excellence and information exchange in relation to the basic and clinical features of the following fields: hematology, onco-hematology, oncology, virology, immunology, and rheumatology. The journal publishes reviews and editorials, experimental and preclinical studies, translational research, prospectively designed clinical trials, and epidemiological studies. Papers containing new clinical or experimental data that are likely to contribute to changes in clinical practice or the way in which a disease is thought about will be given priority due to their immediate importance. Case reports will be accepted on an exceptional basis only, and their submission is discouraged. The major criteria for publication are clarity, scientific soundness, and advances in knowledge. In compliance with the overwhelmingly prevailing request by the international scientific community, and with respect for eco-compatibility issues, CEM is now published exclusively online.