Dual-functional Anti-hPSMAEC domain nanocapsules for targeted inhibition of prostate tumor growth

Addressing prostate cancer, particularly in its aggressive forms, poses challenges that call for innovative treatment modalities. Our research focuses on developing a nanotechnological solution to enhance targeted cancer therapy. We have synthesized advanced nanocapsules embedded with indocyanine green (ICG) and conjugated with the Anti-hPSMA^{EC domain} to improve specificity towards prostate cancer cells. These nanocapsules are engineered to perform dual-mode phototherapy through photothermal and photodynamic mechanisms. In vitro experiments demonstrated the nanocapsules effectively target and induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells upon exposure to near-infrared light. Furthermore, in vivo assessments in murine models revealed excellent tumor localization and a substantial reduction in tumor volume with minimal impact on healthy tissues. This innovative approach underscores the potential of nanotechnology to transform the therapeutic landscape of prostate cancer by achieving precise targeting and reducing systemic side effects. Such nanocapsule systems’ continued development and refinement may substantially improve clinical outcomes and provide promising therapeutic strategies for treating complex cancers.

Graphical abstract

APCI nanoparticles for sensitive tumor imaging andenhanced PTT & in vivo PDT. (A) Schematic design of APCI for targeted cancer cell delivery; (B) visualization and therapy of orthotopic and metastatic prostate cancer.