Maria Serra-Navarro, Maria Heilbronner, Brisa Solé, Roger Borràs, Anabel Martinez-Arán, Kristina Adorjan, Alba Navarro-Flores, Mojtaba Oraki Kohshour, Daniela Reich-Erkelenz, Eva C Schulte, Fanny Senner, Ion-George Anghelescu, Volker Arolt, Bernhard T Baune, Udo Dannlowski, Detlef E Dietrich, Andreas J Fallgatter, Christian Figge, Markus Jäger, Georg Juckel, Carsten Konrad, Jens Reimer, Eva Z Reininghaus, Max Schmauß, Andrea Schmitt, Carsten Spitzer, Jens Wiltfang, Jörg Zimmermann, Sergi Papiol, Urs Heilbronner, Peter Falkai, Thomas G Schulze, Eduard Vieta, Carla Torrent, Monika Budde, Silvia Amoretti
{"title":"性别和诊断对重度精神疾病临床变量和神经认知表现的影响。心理课程研究的结果。","authors":"Maria Serra-Navarro, Maria Heilbronner, Brisa Solé, Roger Borràs, Anabel Martinez-Arán, Kristina Adorjan, Alba Navarro-Flores, Mojtaba Oraki Kohshour, Daniela Reich-Erkelenz, Eva C Schulte, Fanny Senner, Ion-George Anghelescu, Volker Arolt, Bernhard T Baune, Udo Dannlowski, Detlef E Dietrich, Andreas J Fallgatter, Christian Figge, Markus Jäger, Georg Juckel, Carsten Konrad, Jens Reimer, Eva Z Reininghaus, Max Schmauß, Andrea Schmitt, Carsten Spitzer, Jens Wiltfang, Jörg Zimmermann, Sergi Papiol, Urs Heilbronner, Peter Falkai, Thomas G Schulze, Eduard Vieta, Carla Torrent, Monika Budde, Silvia Amoretti","doi":"10.1111/acps.70026","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are serious mental illnesses (SMI) with overlapping symptoms but distinct differences in onset and course. Sex differences are an area of growing interest in SMI. This study aims to examine potential interactions between sex and diagnosis across a broad range of variables, to compare males and females within SZ and BD, and to investigate sex-specific group differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1516 individuals were included in a cross-sectional study using baseline data from the multicenter PsyCourse Study, including BD (n = 543), SZ (n = 517), and healthy controls (HC) (n = 456). Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, psychosocial functioning, quality of life, neurocognitive performance, and somatic comorbidities were assessed. Generalized linear models were used to analyze differences between groups and sexes. False Discovery Rate (FDR) and Bonferroni post hoc comparisons were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant interactions were identified in age (p = 0.001), age at treatment (p = 0.05), illness duration (p = 0.03), illicit drug use (p = 0.01), and smoking (p = 0.05). Differences in substance use were observed across groups and sexes, with the highest rates found in males with SZ. The BD group showed better functioning and neurocognitive performance compared with the SZ group. Within the BD group, females reported better performance in verbal memory (p = 0.003) and psychomotor speed (p < 0.001) than males. Moreover, both females and males with SMI showed higher rates of thyroid alterations compared with HC (p = 0.01 for females and p = 0.002 for males).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Significant sex differences were observed in substance use and somatic comorbidities. Interactions between diagnosis and sex underscore the importance of considering both factors in clinical assessments. These findings highlight the need to tailor sex-specific treatment for each patient. Further research is needed to explore the role of sex hormones and other biological and societal factors in the presentation and course of these disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":108,"journal":{"name":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Influence of Sex and Diagnosis on Clinical Variables and Neurocognitive Performance in Severe Mental Illness. 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This study aims to examine potential interactions between sex and diagnosis across a broad range of variables, to compare males and females within SZ and BD, and to investigate sex-specific group differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1516 individuals were included in a cross-sectional study using baseline data from the multicenter PsyCourse Study, including BD (n = 543), SZ (n = 517), and healthy controls (HC) (n = 456). Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, psychosocial functioning, quality of life, neurocognitive performance, and somatic comorbidities were assessed. Generalized linear models were used to analyze differences between groups and sexes. False Discovery Rate (FDR) and Bonferroni post hoc comparisons were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant interactions were identified in age (p = 0.001), age at treatment (p = 0.05), illness duration (p = 0.03), illicit drug use (p = 0.01), and smoking (p = 0.05). Differences in substance use were observed across groups and sexes, with the highest rates found in males with SZ. The BD group showed better functioning and neurocognitive performance compared with the SZ group. Within the BD group, females reported better performance in verbal memory (p = 0.003) and psychomotor speed (p < 0.001) than males. Moreover, both females and males with SMI showed higher rates of thyroid alterations compared with HC (p = 0.01 for females and p = 0.002 for males).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Significant sex differences were observed in substance use and somatic comorbidities. Interactions between diagnosis and sex underscore the importance of considering both factors in clinical assessments. These findings highlight the need to tailor sex-specific treatment for each patient. Further research is needed to explore the role of sex hormones and other biological and societal factors in the presentation and course of these disorders.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":108,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.70026\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"PSYCHIATRY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.70026","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PSYCHIATRY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Influence of Sex and Diagnosis on Clinical Variables and Neurocognitive Performance in Severe Mental Illness. Results From the PsyCourse Study.
Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are serious mental illnesses (SMI) with overlapping symptoms but distinct differences in onset and course. Sex differences are an area of growing interest in SMI. This study aims to examine potential interactions between sex and diagnosis across a broad range of variables, to compare males and females within SZ and BD, and to investigate sex-specific group differences.
Methods: A total of 1516 individuals were included in a cross-sectional study using baseline data from the multicenter PsyCourse Study, including BD (n = 543), SZ (n = 517), and healthy controls (HC) (n = 456). Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, psychosocial functioning, quality of life, neurocognitive performance, and somatic comorbidities were assessed. Generalized linear models were used to analyze differences between groups and sexes. False Discovery Rate (FDR) and Bonferroni post hoc comparisons were performed.
Results: Significant interactions were identified in age (p = 0.001), age at treatment (p = 0.05), illness duration (p = 0.03), illicit drug use (p = 0.01), and smoking (p = 0.05). Differences in substance use were observed across groups and sexes, with the highest rates found in males with SZ. The BD group showed better functioning and neurocognitive performance compared with the SZ group. Within the BD group, females reported better performance in verbal memory (p = 0.003) and psychomotor speed (p < 0.001) than males. Moreover, both females and males with SMI showed higher rates of thyroid alterations compared with HC (p = 0.01 for females and p = 0.002 for males).
Conclusions: Significant sex differences were observed in substance use and somatic comorbidities. Interactions between diagnosis and sex underscore the importance of considering both factors in clinical assessments. These findings highlight the need to tailor sex-specific treatment for each patient. Further research is needed to explore the role of sex hormones and other biological and societal factors in the presentation and course of these disorders.
期刊介绍：
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica acts as an international forum for the dissemination of information advancing the science and practice of psychiatry. In particular we focus on communicating frontline research to clinical psychiatrists and psychiatric researchers.
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica has traditionally been and remains a journal focusing predominantly on clinical psychiatry, but translational psychiatry is a topic of growing importance to our readers. Therefore, the journal welcomes submission of manuscripts based on both clinical- and more translational (e.g. preclinical and epidemiological) research. When preparing manuscripts based on translational studies for submission to Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, the authors should place emphasis on the clinical significance of the research question and the findings. Manuscripts based solely on preclinical research (e.g. animal models) are normally not considered for publication in the Journal.
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