A review on biosensor approaches for the detection of hazardous elements in water

Water is the basis of life on Earth, but due to increased pollution and habitat degradation, water scarcity is increasing day by day. Therefore, it is necessary to detect water pollutants to save water and aquatic diversity. Monitoring of toxic elements present in wastewater effluents is an important factor for further treatment to make it pollutant-free. While various methods have been developed for monitoring these toxic elements, biosensors can overcome the limitations of traditional methods. Biosensors are highly sensitive, selective, low in cost, and simple to use. In this review, we have provided an overview of reported biosensors for the detection of various types of toxic elements that cause water toxicity. A summary of these toxic elements has also been discussed herein. This review aims to provide an overview of advances in biosensing technology used for water monitoring.