S. Venu, N. V. Krishna Prasad, T. Ramesh Reddy, N. Hari kumar, K. Chandrababu Naidu, G. Vinod, D. Ravinder
{"title":"柠檬酸凝胶-自燃烧法制备Sm³掺杂Mg-Cd纳米铁氧体的结构和磁性能","authors":"S. Venu, N. V. Krishna Prasad, T. Ramesh Reddy, N. Hari kumar, K. Chandrababu Naidu, G. Vinod, D. Ravinder","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06867-6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sm³ ion-doped Mg-Cd nanoferrites chemical formula Mg <sub>0.8</sub>Cd <sub>0.2</sub>Sm <sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2-x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (MCSF), where x varies from 0.000 to 0.025 in increments of 0.005. The synthesis of materials using the Citrate Gel-Auto Combustion (CGAC) technique. Powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) analysis indicated that the crystalline size and lattice constant increase with a higher concentration of Sm³⁺ ions. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) revealed that the particle size ranged from 13.6 to 26.6 nm. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) studies showed that the grain size increased from 19.4 to 46.6 nm. Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) confirmed the presence of magnesium (Mg), cadmium (Cd), samarium (Sm), iron (Fe), and oxygen (O) in the samples, with no detectable impurities. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra confirmed the presence of the cubic spinel structure and identified various functional groups, including two stretching bonds of metal nitrates. Magnetic analysis using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) demonstrated hysteresis at 300 K, indicating that the synthesized samples exhibited ferromagnetic behavior. The squareness ratio varied from 0.100 to 0.211, along with a coercivity range from 66.44 to 106.99 Oe. These materials have potential applications in magnetic recording devices and magnetic sensors.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 3","pages":"1530 - 1541"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Structural and magnetic properties of Sm³-doped Mg-Cd nanoferrites by citrate gel-auto combustion technique\",\"authors\":\"S. Venu, N. V. Krishna Prasad, T. Ramesh Reddy, N. Hari kumar, K. Chandrababu Naidu, G. Vinod, D. Ravinder\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10971-025-06867-6\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Sm³ ion-doped Mg-Cd nanoferrites chemical formula Mg <sub>0.8</sub>Cd <sub>0.2</sub>Sm <sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2-x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (MCSF), where x varies from 0.000 to 0.025 in increments of 0.005. The synthesis of materials using the Citrate Gel-Auto Combustion (CGAC) technique. Powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) analysis indicated that the crystalline size and lattice constant increase with a higher concentration of Sm³⁺ ions. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) revealed that the particle size ranged from 13.6 to 26.6 nm. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) studies showed that the grain size increased from 19.4 to 46.6 nm. Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) confirmed the presence of magnesium (Mg), cadmium (Cd), samarium (Sm), iron (Fe), and oxygen (O) in the samples, with no detectable impurities. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra confirmed the presence of the cubic spinel structure and identified various functional groups, including two stretching bonds of metal nitrates. Magnetic analysis using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) demonstrated hysteresis at 300 K, indicating that the synthesized samples exhibited ferromagnetic behavior. The squareness ratio varied from 0.100 to 0.211, along with a coercivity range from 66.44 to 106.99 Oe. 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Structural and magnetic properties of Sm³-doped Mg-Cd nanoferrites by citrate gel-auto combustion technique
Sm³ ion-doped Mg-Cd nanoferrites chemical formula Mg 0.8Cd 0.2Sm xFe2-xO4 (MCSF), where x varies from 0.000 to 0.025 in increments of 0.005. The synthesis of materials using the Citrate Gel-Auto Combustion (CGAC) technique. Powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) analysis indicated that the crystalline size and lattice constant increase with a higher concentration of Sm³⁺ ions. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) revealed that the particle size ranged from 13.6 to 26.6 nm. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) studies showed that the grain size increased from 19.4 to 46.6 nm. Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) confirmed the presence of magnesium (Mg), cadmium (Cd), samarium (Sm), iron (Fe), and oxygen (O) in the samples, with no detectable impurities. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra confirmed the presence of the cubic spinel structure and identified various functional groups, including two stretching bonds of metal nitrates. Magnetic analysis using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) demonstrated hysteresis at 300 K, indicating that the synthesized samples exhibited ferromagnetic behavior. The squareness ratio varied from 0.100 to 0.211, along with a coercivity range from 66.44 to 106.99 Oe. These materials have potential applications in magnetic recording devices and magnetic sensors.
期刊介绍：
The primary objective of the Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology (JSST), the official journal of the International Sol-Gel Society, is to provide an international forum for the dissemination of scientific, technological, and general knowledge about materials processed by chemical nanotechnologies known as the "sol-gel" process. The materials of interest include gels, gel-derived glasses, ceramics in form of nano- and micro-powders, bulk, fibres, thin films and coatings as well as more recent materials such as hybrid organic-inorganic materials and composites. Such materials exhibit a wide range of optical, electronic, magnetic, chemical, environmental, and biomedical properties and functionalities. Methods for producing sol-gel-derived materials and the industrial uses of these materials are also of great interest.
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