Antibacterial activity of titanium oxide nanoparticles produced in carboxymethyl cellulose by the pulse laser ablation method

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) were effectively produced in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) using pulsed laser ablation. The nanoparticles were then analyzed for their antimicrobial properties. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam with certain parameters was directed onto a high-purity titanium metal plate submerged in a CMC solution to create colloidal titanium oxide nanoparticles. The TiO₂ NPs were analyzed using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy (FE-SEM–EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine surface morphology, nanoparticle size, crystal structure, and chemical bonding. The findings confirmed that the TiO₂ NPs exhibit a white hue. This nanoparticle has a spherical shape with average diameter of 45 nm. The TiO₂ nanoparticles consist of hydroxyl, carboxyl, covalent, and titanium–oxygen bonds, with the titanium–oxygen bond seen at 555 cm⁻¹ in the low wavenumber range. Testing Escherichia coli with increased doses of TiO₂ NPs resulted in a bigger inhibitory zone and a higher likelihood of diminishing bacterial colonies. TiO₂ nanoparticles were effectively produced as antibacterial agents.