益生元和益生菌对生命早期认知的影响：跨物种系统综述

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Brain Research Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI:10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115789

Saúl Sal-Sarria , Philip W.J. Burnet

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引用次数: 0

摘要

本系统综述评估了益生元和益生菌干预对动物模型和人类早期认知发展的影响。根据PRISMA 2020指南，2015年至2025年间发表的39项研究被纳入PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science。在啮齿类动物中，益生菌——主要是乳酸菌和双歧杆菌菌株——持续改善空间学习、工作记忆和认知灵活性，特别是在早期生活压力和神经炎症的条件下。猪模型在学习和记忆方面显示出部分益处，尽管有几项研究报告了中性结果。人体试验产生了不同的结果：一些人在语言、注意力或适应性行为方面表现出改善，而另一些人则没有观察到显著的认知效果。提出的机制包括调节神经递质系统，减少神经炎症，恢复血脑屏障完整性，调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴。总体而言，临床前证据强烈支持微生物群靶向干预的认知益处，但由于方法学异质性、物种差异和儿科研究数量有限，对人类的转化仍不确定。未来的研究应该集中在纵向人体试验，直接比较益生元、益生菌和合成方法，并将性别作为一个生物学变量。

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Early-life cognitive effects of prebiotics and probiotics: A cross-species systematic review

This systematic review evaluated the effects of prebiotic and probiotic interventions on early-life cognitive development in animal models and humans. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 39 studies published between 2015 and 2025 were included from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. In rodents, probiotics -mainly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains- consistently improved spatial learning, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, particularly under conditions of early-life stress and neuroinflammation. Porcine models showed partial benefits in learning and memory, though several studies reported neutral outcomes. Human trials yielded mixed findings: some demonstrated improvements in language, attention, or adaptive behavior, while others observed no significant cognitive effects. Proposed mechanisms include modulation of neurotransmitter systems, reduced neuroinflammation, restoration of blood-brain barrier integrity, and regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Overall, preclinical evidence strongly supports the cognitive benefits of microbiota-targeted interventions, but translation to humans remains uncertain due to methodological heterogeneity, species differences, and the limited number of pediatric studies. Future research should focus on longitudinal human trials, direct comparisons between prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic approaches, and the inclusion of sex as a biological variable.

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来源期刊

Behavioural Brain Research 医学-行为科学

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

383

审稿时长

61 days

期刊介绍： Behavioural Brain Research is an international, interdisciplinary journal dedicated to the publication of articles in the field of behavioural neuroscience, broadly defined. Contributions from the entire range of disciplines that comprise the neurosciences, behavioural sciences or cognitive sciences are appropriate, as long as the goal is to delineate the neural mechanisms underlying behaviour. Thus, studies may range from neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, neurochemical or neuropharmacological analysis of brain-behaviour relations, including the use of molecular genetic or behavioural genetic approaches, to studies that involve the use of brain imaging techniques, to neuroethological studies. Reports of original research, of major methodological advances, or of novel conceptual approaches are all encouraged. The journal will also consider critical reviews on selected topics.