西非妇女和儿童的脆弱性

IF 27.1 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Olalekan Moyosore Lalude
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引用次数: 0

摘要

西非受到气候变化的严重影响,尽管它对全球碳排放的贡献很小。该地区的人均排放量比世界平均水平低约六倍,仅占全球温室气体排放量的2%,但该地区处于日益恶化的气候紧急情况的前沿,更严重的干旱、致命的洪水和自然资源的迅速退化加剧了这种紧急情况。特别是,受气候变化影响最大的是边缘地区的社区。就距离和重要性而言,这些社区离政府最远,往往很少或根本无法获得公共服务,妇女和儿童处于不成比例的不利地位,其生命权受到侵犯的风险更大。《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》保护生命权,《非洲人权和人民权利宪章》第九条进一步保护生命权。对于弱势社区的妇女和儿童来说,这一权利往往因被忽视而可悲地受到侵犯。气候变化引发或加剧了一系列广泛的健康挑战,特别是在西非各地的妇女和儿童中。年幼的儿童,特别是五岁以下的儿童,极易因干旱导致的粮食短缺而营养不良。2023年,西非儿童严重急性营养不良的发生率很高。营养不良削弱了他们的免疫系统,使他们更容易感染水传播疾病,如腹泻,腹泻是尼日尔幼儿死亡的第二大原因,由于饮用水不安全和卫生条件差而普遍存在。此外,气候变化加剧了脑膜炎等危险疾病的传播,孕妇更容易感染这些疾病,因为怀孕削弱了她们对感染的免疫力。在一些西非社区,干旱和多变的降雨降低了作物和牲畜的生产力,导致农村人口,特别是青年从农业部门向外迁移。另一方面,大规模洪水也导致流离失所,迫使社区为寻求安全而迁移。例如,2024年7月至10月期间前所未有的降雨导致马里全境洪水泛滥。超过4.34万所房屋和数百个供水点被毁,20多万人,其中大多数是妇女和儿童,被迫逃往临时营地和收容社区。无论是在过境途中还是抵达目的地后,粮食短缺在移民中都很常见,营养不良变得更加普遍,儿童和孕妇受到的影响最大。移民进入城市地区和难民定居点导致空间拥挤,卫生条件差。这增加了霍乱和腹泻等水传播疾病的风险,这些疾病对幼童来说尤其致命。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

The vulnerability of women and children in West Africa

The vulnerability of women and children in West Africa
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来源期刊
Nature Climate Change
Nature Climate Change ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
CiteScore
40.30
自引率
1.60%
发文量
267
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Nature Climate Change is dedicated to addressing the scientific challenge of understanding Earth's changing climate and its societal implications. As a monthly journal, it publishes significant and cutting-edge research on the nature, causes, and impacts of global climate change, as well as its implications for the economy, policy, and the world at large. The journal publishes original research spanning the natural and social sciences, synthesizing interdisciplinary research to provide a comprehensive understanding of climate change. It upholds the high standards set by all Nature-branded journals, ensuring top-tier original research through a fair and rigorous review process, broad readership access, high standards of copy editing and production, rapid publication, and independence from academic societies and other vested interests. Nature Climate Change serves as a platform for discussion among experts, publishing opinion, analysis, and review articles. It also features Research Highlights to highlight important developments in the field and original reporting from renowned science journalists in the form of feature articles. Topics covered in the journal include adaptation, atmospheric science, ecology, economics, energy, impacts and vulnerability, mitigation, oceanography, policy, sociology, and sustainability, among others.
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